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ISQI CTFL_Syll_4.0 Exam Syllabus Topics:

Section	Weight	Objectives
Tool Support for Testing	10%	- Test tools classification - Benefits and risks of test automation
Testing Throughout the Software Development Lifecycle	15%	- Software development models - Test levels - Test types
Test Analysis and Design	25%	- Test case design - Test techniques 1. White-box test techniques 2. Experience-based techniques 3. Black-box test techniques
Static Testing	10%	- Static testing basics - Review process
Fundamentals of Testing	20%	- Seven testing principles - Why testing is necessary - What is testing?
Managing the Test Activities	20%	- Test planning and estimation - Risk-based testing - Defect management - Test monitoring and control

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ISQI ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 CTFL_Syll_4.0 Prüfungsfragen mit Lösungen (Q211-Q216):

211. Frage
Test automation allows you to:

A. produce tests that are less subject to human errors
B. demonstrate the absence of defects
C. avoid performing exploratory testing
D. increase test process efficiency by facilitating management of defects

Antwort: A

Begründung:
Test automation allows you to produce tests that are less subject to human errors, as they can execute predefined test scripts or test cases with consistent inputs, outputs, and expected results. Test automation can also reduce the manual effort and time required to execute repetitive or tedious tests, such as regression tests, performance tests, or data-driven tests. Test automation does not demonstrate the absence of defects, as it can only verify the expected behavior of the system under test, not the unexpected or unknown behavior. Test automation does not avoid performing exploratory testing, as exploratory testing is a valuable technique to discover new information, risks, or defects that are not covered by automated tests. Test automation does not increase test process efficiency by facilitating management of defects, as defect management is a separate activity that involves reporting, tracking, analyzing, and resolving defects, which may or may not be related to automated tests. References: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 sources and documents:
* ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 3.3.1, Test Automation1
* ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, Test Automation2

212. Frage
Which of the following statements about exploratory testing is true?

A. When exploratory testing is conducted following a session-based approach, the issues detected by the testers can be documented in session sheets
B. Exploratory testing is an experience-based test technique in which testers explore the requirements specification to detect non testable requirements
C. In exploratory testing, testers usually produce scripted tests and establish bidirectional traceability between these tests and the items of the test basis
D. Exploratory testing is an experience-based test technique used by testers during informal code reviews to find defects by exploring the source code

Antwort: A

Begründung:
Exploratory testing is an experience-based test technique in which testers dynamically design and execute tests based on their knowledge, intuition, and learning of the software system, without following predefined test scripts or test cases. Exploratory testing can be conducted following a session-based approach, which is a structured way of managing and measuring exploratory testing. In a session-based approach, the testers perform uninterrupted test sessions, usually lasting between 60 and 120 minutes, with a specific charter or goal, and document the issues detected, the test coverage achieved, and the time spent in session sheets.
Session sheets are records of the test activities, results, and observations during a test session, which can be used for reporting, debriefing, and learning purposes. The other statements are false, because:
* Exploratory testing is not a test technique in which testers explore the requirements specification to detect non testable requirements, but rather a test technique in which testers explore the software system to detect functional and non-functional defects, as well as to learn new information, risks, or opportunities. Non testable requirements are requirements that are ambiguous, incomplete, inconsistent, or not verifiable, which can affect the quality and effectiveness of the testing process. Non testable requirements can be detected by applying static testing techniques, such as reviews or inspections, to the requirements specification, before the software system is developed or tested.
* Exploratory testing is not a test technique used by testers during informal code reviews to find defects by exploring the source code, but rather a test technique used by testers during dynamic testing to find defects by exploring the behavior and performance of the software system, without examining the source code. Informal code reviews are static testing techniques, in which the source code isanalyzed by one or more reviewers, without following a formal process or using a checklist, to identify defects, violations, or improvements. Informal code reviews are usually performed by developers or peers, not by testers.
* In exploratory testing, testers usually do not produce scripted tests and establish bidirectional traceability between these tests and the items of the test basis, but rather produce unscripted tests and adapt them based on the feedback and the findings of the testing process. Scripted tests are tests that are designed and documented in advance, with predefined inputs, outputs, and expected results, and are executed according to a test plan or a test procedure. Bidirectional traceability is the ability to trace both forward and backward the relationships between the items of the test basis, such as the requirements, the design, the risks, etc., and the test artifacts, such as the test cases, the test results, the defects, etc.
Scripted tests and bidirectional traceability are usually associated with more formal and structured testing approaches, such as specification-based or structure-based test techniques, not with exploratory testing. References: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 sources and documents:
* ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 2.2.3, Experience-based Test Design Techniques1
* ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, Exploratory Testing, Session-based Testing, Session Sheet, Non Testable Requirement, Static Testing, Informal Review, Dynamic Testing, Scripted Testing, Bidirectional Traceability2

213. Frage
You test a system that grants a driving license. You design test cases based on the following minimized decision table.

You have already designed three following test cases:
- 18 years old, passed both vision and driving tests; expected result:
grant a license
- 17 years old, passed vision test, failed driving test; expected
result: do not grant a license
- 19 years old, failed both vision and driving tests; expected result:
do not grant a license
Which test case needs to be added to this set to achieve full decision table coverage?

A. No test case is needed; the existing test cases already achieve the required coverage
B. 17 years old, passed both vision and driving test; expected result: grant a license
C. 20 years old failed vision test passed driving test-expected result: do not grant a license
D. 18 years old, passed vision test, failed driving test; expected result: do not grant a license

Antwort: D

Begründung:
The missing test case for full decision table coverage is 18 years old, passed vision test, failed driving test (Rule 2). This scenario is not covered yet and is necessary to test the "No" license grant decision in Rule 2.

214. Frage
An organization is working on updating test cases for a particular module of their software.
Sam updated a set of test cases yesterday and saved the new version on his PC.
Unfortunately, the hard disk of his PC crashed, and his work was lost.
The IT department of the organization restored the contents of his hard disk with the last available back-up - from the previous morning. However, the changes made by him yesterday were lost forever.
Which of the following tools, had it been used, would have prevented the loss of Sam's updates?

A. Test Execution tool
B. Incident Management Tool
C. Backup tool
D. Configuration Management Tool

Antwort: D

Begründung:
A configuration management tool helps in maintaining and managing changes to software, including test cases. It ensures that changes are tracked and can be retrieved if needed. In this scenario, using a configuration management tool would have allowed Sam's updates to be stored in a central repository, preventing the loss of his work even if his PC's hard disk crashed.
References:
* ISTQB CTFL Syllabus V4.0, Section 5.4 on configuration management, which describes the role of configuration management tools in maintaining control over changes.

215. Frage
Which ONE of the following statements does NOT describe how testing contributes to higher quality?

A. The testing of software demonstrates the absence of defects.
B. Properly designed tests that pass reduce the level of risk in a system.
C. Performing a review of the requirement specifications before implementing the system can enhance quality.
D. Software testing identifies defects, which can be used to improve development activities.

Antwort: A

Begründung:
The testing of software does not demonstrate the absence of defects, but rather the presence of defects or the conformance of the software to the specified requirements. Testing can never prove that the software is defect-free, as it is impossible to test all possible scenarios, inputs, outputs, and behaviors of the software. Testing can only provide a level of confidence in the quality of the software, based on the coverage, effectiveness, and efficiency of the testing activities.

216. Frage
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