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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Web Server & Application Attacks | 8% | - API Security Risks - Web Application Attacks: XSS, CSRF - SQL Injection & Command Injection - Web Server Vulnerabilities - Web Security Countermeasures |
| Scanning Networks | 8% | - Scanning Beyond IDS/Firewall - Service & OS Fingerprinting - Host & Port Discovery - Network Scanning Basics - Scanning Countermeasures - AI-Assisted Scanning |
| Cryptography | 5% | - Cryptography in Practice - Cryptanalysis & Attacks - Public Key Infrastructure - Encryption Concepts & Algorithms |
| Cloud Computing | 5% | - AWS, Azure, GCP Attacks - Cloud Models & Services - Cloud Security Risks - Cloud Security Best Practices |
| Mobile Platforms | 4% | - Mobile Device Security - Android & iOS Vulnerabilities - Mobile Attack Vectors |
| Enumeration | 7% | - AI-Driven Enumeration - Enumeration Countermeasures - NetBIOS, SNMP, LDAP Enumeration - Enumeration Concepts - DNS, SMTP, NFS Enumeration |
| Malware Threats | 7% | - Malware Analysis & Countermeasures - APT & Fileless Malware - AI-Powered Malware - Malware Types: Trojans, Viruses, Worms |
| Denial-of-Service | 4% | - DoS & DDoS Concepts - Attack Techniques & Botnets - DDoS Tools - Defense Mechanisms |
| System Hacking | 8% | - Clearing Tracks & Logs - Maintaining Access - Privilege Escalation - Gaining Access: Password Attacks |
| Footprinting and Reconnaissance | 7% | - DNS, WHOIS, Network Mapping - Reconnaissance Concepts - Reconnaissance Countermeasures - OSINT Techniques |
| Vulnerability Analysis | 8% | - Vulnerability Research & Databases - Vulnerability Classification & Scoring - Scanning & Analysis Tools - Vulnerability Assessment Lifecycle |
| Session Hijacking | 4% | - Hijacking Techniques - Session Hijacking Concepts - Countermeasures - Application & Network Level Hijacking |
| Sniffing | 5% | - Packet Sniffing Concepts - Sniffing Tools & Techniques - MITM Attacks - Sniffing Countermeasures |
| Wireless Networks | 5% | - Wireless Hacking Tools - Security Best Practices - Wireless Encryption: WEP, WPA2, WPA3 - Wireless Threats & Attacks |
| Social Engineering | 6% | - Social Engineering Concepts - Countermeasures & Awareness - Identity Theft - Phishing, Pretexting, Baiting |
| Introduction to Ethical Hacking | 5% | - Ethical Hacking Methodology - Legal and Ethical Compliance - Information Security Concepts - Cyber Kill Chain & MITRE ATT&CK |
| Evading IDS, Firewalls, and Honeypots | 5% | - Honeypot Concepts & Detection - Evasion Techniques - IDS, IPS, Firewall Technologies |
| IoT & OT Security | 4% | - Attacks on IoT & OT Systems - IoT/OT Architecture & Risks - Security Controls |
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NEW QUESTION # 542
Under the neon glow of a late-night fintech accelerator in Austin, Texas, blockchain security specialist Elena Vargas was performing a controlled red-team exercise for a high-profile cryptocurrency payment processor.
The team had identified a merchant node accepting instant confirmations for high-value digital-asset transfers.
During the simulation, the attacker first created a private transaction that credited a large sum of tokens to their own controlled wallet and immediately included it in a newly mined block.
Moments later, the attacker broadcast a second conflicting transaction that spent the exact same tokens toward the merchant's address. The merchant's system, relying on a single confirmation, immediately processed and delivered the digital goods. Only after the goods were released did the attacker publish the privately held block containing the original self-credit transaction, causing the merchant's transaction to be rejected by the network.
What type of blockchain attack is being demonstrated in this scenario?
Answer: B
Explanation:
A Finney attack is a double-spending technique that requires the attacker to participate in mining. The attacker privately mines a valid block containing a transaction that returns or transfers the relevant funds to an address under the attacker's control. Before publishing that block, the attacker spends the same funds with a merchant. After receiving the goods, the attacker releases the private block, invalidating the conflicting merchant transaction if the attacker's block is accepted into the authoritative chain.
The pre-mined private block is the distinguishing evidence. A race attack simply broadcasts two conflicting transactions and attempts to make the attacker-favored transaction propagate first; prior mining is unnecessary. An eclipse attack isolates a node by controlling its network peers and manipulating its view of the blockchain. A 51% attack requires majority control of mining or validation power and can support broader chain reorganization.
The recording's selected Race Attack answer is inconsistent with its own description of a privately mined block. The technically correct answer is Finney Attack. Merchants reduce exposure by refusing immediate delivery for high-value transfers and waiting for an appropriate number of confirmations based on value and risk. The Bitcoin Wiki defines a Finney attack as a miner-assisted double spend performed after a block has been mined. Bitcoin Wiki: Irreversible Transactions
NEW QUESTION # 543
You are Michael Rivera, a cybersecurity consultant at FortiSec Solutions, hired to strengthen the wireless network of DesertTech Innovations, a startup in Phoenix, Arizona. After a recent penetration test revealed vulnerabilities, the IT manager, Lisa Nguyen, asks you to recommend a defense mechanism to prevent unauthorized devices from connecting to the corporate Wi-Fi. You suggest a method that requires each connecting device to authenticate through a centralized server using a unique username and password. Based on the described approach, which wireless security countermeasure should DesertTech implement?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The requirement that each device authenticate through a centralized server using unique usernames and passwords aligns directly with 802.1X authentication, which CEH materials describe as port-based Network Access Control used in enterprise wired and wireless environments. In Wi-Fi, 802.1X is typically implemented as WPA2-Enterprise or WPA3-Enterprise and relies on EAP methods with a backend AAA server, most commonly RADIUS. The access point acts as the authenticator, forwarding the client's authentication exchange to the RADIUS server, which validates the user or device identity and returns an accept or reject decision along with session keys and policy attributes. This provides strong control and auditing because access can be tied to individual identities, supports account disablement, and can enforce different access levels.
The other options do not match the "centralized server with unique credentials" description. Disabling TKIP improves security by removing an outdated encryption protocol, but it does not provide per-user authentication. MAC address filtering is weak because MAC addresses are easily discovered and spoofed, and it does not use centralized identity validation. Upgrading to WPA3 improves cryptographic strength, and WPA3-Enterprise can work with 802.1X, but WPA3 alone does not guarantee centralized username and password authentication unless the enterprise mode with 802.1X is specifically deployed. Therefore, the correct countermeasure that fits the described design is to use 802.1X authentication with a centralized authentication server, enabling strong access control, accountability, and improved resistance to unauthorized device connections.
NEW QUESTION # 544
Morris, an attacker, wanted to check whether the target AP is in a locked state. He attempted using different utilities to identify WPS-enabled APs in the target wireless network. Ultimately, he succeeded with one special command-line utility.
Which of the following command-line utilities allowed Morris to discover the WPS-enabled APs?
Answer: C
Explanation:
In CEH v13 Module 11: Hacking Wireless Networks, WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) is discussed as a vulnerable configuration that can be exploited using tools like Reaver and wash.
wash is a command-line utility used to detect WPS-enabled Access Points.
It provides information about:
Whether WPS is enabled or locked.
Signal strength, BSSID, channel, etc.
Very useful before attempting WPS PIN attacks.
Option Clarifications:
B). ntptrace: Used for querying NTP servers, not wireless networks.
C). macof: Part of dsniff suite; floods network with MAC addresses (DoS tool).
D). net view: Windows command for listing network shares, not for wireless or WPS.
Correct answer is A. wash.
Reference:
Module 11 - Wireless Tools: Reaver and wash
CEH iLabs: Using wash to Scan for WPS-enabled Devices
NEW QUESTION # 545
During an internal red team simu-lation at a global insurance provider, Joe, a senior SOC analyst, is assigned to verify a surge in anomalous SYN packets targeting the perimeter firewall. The result of spoofed traffic. The organization has ruled out DNS poisoning and malformed header issues. Joe must now analyze packet behavior in real-time to determine authenticity without relying on host-level authentication. To identify spoofed traffic using techniques aligned with best practices taught in the organization, which approach should Joe take?
Answer: B
Explanation:
In CEH-aligned traffic analysis, SYN floods frequently use spoofed source IP addresses to hide the attacker and complicate filtering. When host-level authentication or end-host validation is not available, defenders rely on characteristics in packet behavior that are difficult to forge consistently at scale. IP Identification Number monitoring is a classic technique for spotting spoofing because many operating systems generate the IPID field in a predictable manner, often incrementing sequentially or following a repeatable pattern per host or per flow.If the observed SYN packets truly originate from the same claimed source, the IPID values tend to show a coherent progression over time. In spoofed traffic, especially when the attacker randomly changes source IPs or uses multiple generators, IPID values typically appear inconsistent, jump erratically, or reflect patterns that do not match what would be expected from the alleged sender. This makes IPID monitoring useful in real- time packet analysis to differentiate legitimate traffic bursts from fabricated packets without needing to complete a handshake or query the end host.The other options are weaker fits for the specific goal. TCP flow control relates to windowing and throughput behavior, not source authenticity. IP address decoy is a deception concept rather than a packet-authenticity test. Direct TTL probes can provide hints about hop distance, but TTL values are easily adjusted by an attacker and are less reliable than correlating a consistent IPID sequence pattern. Therefore, IPID monitoring best matches CEH-style spoofed-traffic identification under these constraints.
NEW QUESTION # 546
What does a firewall check to prevent particular ports and applications from getting packets into an organization?
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 547
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