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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Safety and Compliance | - OSHA regulations and patient safety - HIPAA and patient confidentiality - Infection control and standard precautions |
| Special Collections | - Non-routine specimen collection methods - Capillary puncture (fingerstick/heel stick) - Pediatric and geriatric considerations |
| Patient Preparation | - Specimen labeling procedures - Patient identification and communication - Site selection and preparation |
| Specimen Processing and Handling | - Common errors and rejection criteria - Specimen transport and storage - Quality assurance procedures |
| Routine Blood Collections | - Order of draw - Equipment selection and use - Venipuncture procedures |
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NEW QUESTION # 41
A phlebotomist should instruct a patient to take which of the following actions when providing a sputum specimen?
Answer: A
Explanation:
For a sputum specimen, the patient should take a deep breath and then expectorate material from the lower respiratory tract into the appropriate container. Sputum is not saliva; it must come from the lungs or bronchi after a deep cough. The phlebotomist's role is to provide clear collection instructions, confirm the correct container, reduce contamination, and ensure the specimen is labeled and transported according to facility procedure. Option A describes stool collection, not sputum collection. Option B describes the start of a 24-hour urine collection, where the first void is discarded and subsequent urine is saved. Option C describes a buccal swab or oral specimen procedure and is not appropriate for sputum. "Aggressively" swabbing the cheek could cause discomfort or trauma and still would not produce a respiratory specimen. A valid sputum specimen is clinically useful for respiratory infection testing because it contains secretions from the affected airway. NHA CPT competencies include non-blood specimen collection, patient instructions, specimen identification, and maintaining specimen integrity. Reference topics: Special Collections; non-blood specimens; patient instructions; specimen integrity.
NEW QUESTION # 42
A phlebotomist should immediately report which of the following to a supervisor?
Answer: A
Explanation:
A needlestick injury must be reported immediately to a supervisor because it is an occupational exposure incident involving potential transmission of bloodborne pathogens. Immediate reporting triggers the facility's exposure-control plan, which may include wound cleansing, documentation, source-patient evaluation when permitted, employee health assessment, post-exposure prophylaxis consideration, and required follow-up testing. Delayed reporting can compromise medical management and regulatory documentation. Outdated blood collection supplies should be removed from use and handled according to inventory or quality-control policy, but they do not carry the same immediate occupational exposure urgency. An allergic reaction must be managed clinically and reported according to severity and facility procedure, but the most direct supervisor-reporting requirement in this item is the needlestick injury. Patient noncompliance with dietary requirements should be documented or communicated as required because it may affect test validity, but it is not an occupational exposure emergency. NHA CPT safety content specifically includes following exposure control plans for needle sticks, notification requirements, needle stick protocols, bloodborne pathogen standards, and reporting requirements. Reference topics: Safety and Compliance; needlestick injury; exposure control protocols; reporting requirements.
NEW QUESTION # 43
Which of the following actions should the phlebotomist take after filling the last tube of a venipuncture procedure?
Answer: C
Explanation:
After the last tube has filled, the phlebotomist must complete the venipuncture termination sequence safely. The correct action from the choices is to withdraw the needle from the puncture site. In routine venipuncture, the tourniquet is released before needle removal, then the needle is withdrawn smoothly, the safety device is activated, and pressure is applied with clean gauze or cotton only after the needle is out. Applying cotton while the needle is still inserted can cause the needle to cut or traumatize the vein. Cleaning the site with antiseptic occurs before puncture, not after collection. A warm compress is not part of routine completion; it may be used only for selected complications or difficult venous access before collection. The NHA CPT outline specifically includes standard tourniquet removal, needle removal, safety-device use, post-procedural care, and bandaging as routine blood collection competencies. Reference topics: Routine Blood Collections; removing tourniquet, tubes, and needle; post-procedural patient care.
NEW QUESTION # 44
A phlebotomist discovers that they obtained a specimen in an expired additive tube. Which of the following actions should the technician take?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The specimen must be redrawn in an unexpired tube. Expired additive tubes cannot be trusted because the vacuum, sterility, additive concentration, stopper integrity, and chemical performance may be compromised. Once blood has been collected into an expired additive tube, the specimen is already affected by that collection environment; transferring it into another tube does not correct the original exposure and can introduce additional hemolysis, contamination, clotting, or additive-ratio errors. Placing the specimen on ice does not reverse an expired additive problem. Submitting the specimen because the tube is "within 30 days" of expiration is unsafe; expired means expired, and laboratory acceptance criteria are based on valid collection supplies. This is a preventable preanalytical error, and the phlebotomist should also remove expired supplies from use to prevent recurrence. Tube expiration checks must occur before collection, not after the draw. Reference topics: Processing Specimens; preanalytical error; expired supplies; specimen rejection; tube quality control; recollection procedures.
NEW QUESTION # 45
A phlebotomist is collecting from a patient under droplet precautions. Which of the following PPE is most directly indicated?
Answer: D
Explanation:
A surgical mask is most directly indicated for droplet precautions. Droplet precautions are used for organisms transmitted through respiratory droplets generated by coughing, sneezing, or talking. The mask helps protect the phlebotomist's nose and mouth from exposure at close range. A lead apron is used for radiation protection and has no role in droplet isolation. A sterile gown alone does not protect the respiratory mucosa and is not the primary droplet precaution. Shoe covers alone do not address droplet transmission. Depending on facility signage and procedure risk, additional PPE such as eye protection, gown, or gloves may be required, but from the options given, a surgical mask is the key droplet precaution. The phlebotomist should check isolation signs before entering, bring only necessary supplies, perform hand hygiene, wear PPE correctly, and remove PPE safely before leaving. This item tests transmission-based precaution matching: contact, droplet, airborne, and protective isolation are not interchangeable. Reference topics: Safety and Compliance; droplet precautions; PPE; isolation signage; infection control.
NEW QUESTION # 46
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