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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Data Operations and Support | 22% | - Monitor and troubleshoot data pipelines
- Ensure reliability and scalability - Automate operational tasks |
| Data Store Management | 26% | - Optimize storage performance and cost - Manage data lifecycle and storage tiers - Design and implement data storage solutions
|
| Data Ingestion and Transformation | 34% | - Ingest data from various sources
- Transform and enrich data
|
| Data Security and Governance | 18% | - Encrypt data at rest and in transit - Implement access control and authentication
|
>> Data-Engineer-Associate Prüfungsvorbereitung <<
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41. Frage
A company runs an extract, transform, and load (ETL) job in AWS Glue. The job processes personally identifiable information (PII) data and writes logs to an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log group. A data engineer needs to mask PII data in the CloudWatch Logs log group.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
Antwort: C
Begründung:
Option B is the right approach because the requirement is to mask PII in the log destination (the CloudWatch Logs log group). The exam guide explicitly calls out security responsibilities that include "data encryption and masking" and also emphasizes enabling and preparing logs for audit and governance needs. A log-group-level masking mechanism is therefore the most direct control point to prevent sensitive values from being exposed to anyone who can view logs.
Option A (Glue security configuration) is primarily used to apply protections such as encryption settings for Glue jobs and related outputs; it does not inherently solve the problem of masking PII that has already been emitted into application logs. Option C (Macie) is intended to discover and classify sensitive data-most commonly in Amazon S3-and to produce findings; it is not a log-masking control for CloudWatch Logs.
The material reinforces Macie as a discovery/classification service for PII rather than a masking mechanism.
Option D adds custom code paths in the ETL job and still may miss PII that appears in framework/system logs; it also violates the "least operational effort" spirit compared to applying a centralized log policy.
Therefore, attaching a data protection policy directly to the CloudWatch Logs log group best meets the masking requirement.
42. Frage
A company uses a variety of AWS and third-party data stores. The company wants to consolidate all the data into a central data warehouse to perform analytics. Users need fast response times for analytics queries.
The company uses Amazon QuickSight in direct query mode to visualize the data. Users normally run queries during a few hours each day with unpredictable spikes.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
Antwort: B
Begründung:
Problem Analysis:
The company requires a centralized data warehouse for consolidating data from various sources.
They use Amazon QuickSight in direct query mode, necessitating fast response times for analytical queries.
Users query the data intermittently, with unpredictable spikes during the day.
Operational overhead should be minimal.
Key Considerations:
The solution must support fast, SQL-based analytics.
It must handle unpredictable spikes efficiently.
Must integrate seamlessly with QuickSight for direct querying.
Minimize operational complexity and scaling concerns.
Solution Analysis:
Option A: Amazon Redshift Serverless
Redshift Serverless eliminates the need for provisioning and managing clusters.
Automatically scales compute capacity up or down based on query demand.
Reduces operational overhead by handling performance optimization.
Fully integrates with Amazon QuickSight, ensuring low-latency analytics.
Reduces costs as it charges only for usage, making it ideal for workloads with intermittent spikes.
Option B: Amazon Athena with S3 (Apache Parquet)
Athena supports querying data directly from S3 in Parquet format.
While it's cost-effective, performance depends on the size and complexity of the data.
It is not optimized for high-speed analytics needed by QuickSight in direct query mode.
Option C: Amazon Redshift Provisioned Clusters
Requires manual cluster provisioning, scaling, and maintenance.
Higher operational overhead compared to Redshift Serverless.
Option D: Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL
Aurora is optimized for transactional databases, not data warehousing or analytics.
Does not meet the requirement for fast analytics queries.
Final Recommendation:
Amazon Redshift Serverless is the best choice for this use case because it provides fast analytics, integrates natively with QuickSight, and minimizes operational complexity while efficiently handling unpredictable spikes.
Amazon Redshift Serverless Overview
Amazon QuickSight and Redshift Integration
Athena vs. Redshift
43. Frage
A manufacturing company wants to collect data from sensors. A data engineer needs to implement a solution that ingests sensor data in near real time.
The solution must store the data to a persistent data store. The solution must store the data in nested JSON format. The company must have the ability to query from the data store with a latency of less than 10 milliseconds.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
Antwort: B
Begründung:
Amazon Kinesis Data Streams is a service that enables you to collect, process, and analyze streaming data in real time. You can use Kinesis Data Streams to capture sensor data from various sources, such as IoT devices, web applications, or mobile apps. You can create data streams that can scale up to handle any amount of data from thousands of producers. You can also use the Kinesis Client Library (KCL) or the Kinesis Data Streams API to write applications that process and analyze the data in the streams1.
Amazon DynamoDB is a fully managed NoSQL database service that provides fast and predictable performance with seamless scalability. You can use DynamoDB to store the sensor data in nested JSON format, as DynamoDB supports document data types, such as lists and maps. You can also use DynamoDB to query the data with a latency of less than 10 milliseconds, as DynamoDB offers single-digit millisecond performance for any scale of data. You can use the DynamoDB API or the AWS SDKs to perform queries on the data, such as using key-value lookups, scans, or queries2.
The solution that meets the requirements with the least operational overhead is to use Amazon Kinesis Data Streams to capture the sensor data and store the data in Amazon DynamoDB for querying. This solution has the following advantages:
It does not require you to provision, manage, or scale any servers, clusters, or queues, as Kinesis Data Streams and DynamoDB are fully managed services that handle all the infrastructure for you. This reduces the operational complexity and cost of running your solution.
It allows you to ingest sensor data in near real time, as Kinesis Data Streams can capture data records as they are produced and deliver them to your applications within seconds. You can also use Kinesis Data Firehose to load the data from the streams to DynamoDB automatically and continuously3.
It allows you to store the data in nested JSON format, as DynamoDB supports document data types, such as lists and maps. You can also use DynamoDB Streams to capture changes in the data and trigger actions, such as sending notifications or updating other databases.
It allows you to query the data with a latency of less than 10 milliseconds, as DynamoDB offers single-digit millisecond performance for any scale of data. You can also use DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) to improve the read performance by caching frequently accessed data.
Option A is incorrect because it suggests using a self-hosted Apache Kafka cluster to capture the sensor data and store the data in Amazon S3 for querying. This solution has the following disadvantages:
It requires you to provision, manage, and scale your own Kafka cluster, either on EC2 instances or on-premises servers. This increases the operational complexity and cost of running your solution.
It does not allow you to query the data with a latency of less than 10 milliseconds, as Amazon S3 is an object storage service that is not optimized for low-latency queries. You need to use another service, such as Amazon Athena or Amazon Redshift Spectrum, to query the data in S3, which may incur additional costs and latency.
Option B is incorrect because it suggests using AWS Lambda to process the sensor data and store the data in Amazon S3 for querying. This solution has the following disadvantages:
It does not allow you to ingest sensor data in near real time, as Lambda is a serverless compute service that runs code in response to events. You need to use another service, such as API Gateway or Kinesis Data Streams, to trigger Lambda functions with sensor data, which may add extra latency and complexity to your solution.
It does not allow you to query the data with a latency of less than 10 milliseconds, as Amazon S3 is an object storage service that is not optimized for low-latency queries. You need to use another service, such as Amazon Athena or Amazon Redshift Spectrum, to query the data in S3, which may incur additional costs and latency.
Option D is incorrect because it suggests using Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) to buffer incoming sensor data and use AWS Glue to store the data in Amazon RDS for querying. This solution has the following disadvantages:
It does not allow you to ingest sensor data in near real time, as Amazon SQS is a message queue service that delivers messages in a best-effort manner. You need to use another service, such as Lambda or EC2, to poll the messages from the queue and process them, which may add extra latency and complexity to your solution.
It does not allow you to store the data in nested JSON format, as Amazon RDS is a relational database service that supports structured data types, such as tables and columns. You need to use another service, such as AWS Glue, to transform the data from JSON to relational format, which may add extra cost and overhead to your solution.
Reference:
1: Amazon Kinesis Data Streams - Features
2: Amazon DynamoDB - Features
3: Loading Streaming Data into Amazon DynamoDB - Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose
[4]: Capturing Table Activity with DynamoDB Streams - Amazon DynamoDB
[5]: Amazon DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) - Features
[6]: Amazon S3 - Features
[7]: AWS Lambda - Features
[8]: Amazon Simple Queue Service - Features
[9]: Amazon Relational Database Service - Features
[10]: Working with JSON in Amazon RDS - Amazon Relational Database Service
[11]: AWS Glue - Features
44. Frage
A data engineer is launching an Amazon EMR duster. The data that the data engineer needs to load into the new cluster is currently in an Amazon S3 bucket. The data engineer needs to ensure that data is encrypted both at rest and in transit.
The data that is in the S3 bucket is encrypted by an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) key. The data engineer has an Amazon S3 path that has a Privacy Enhanced Mail (PEM) file.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
Antwort: A
Begründung:
The data engineer needs to ensure that the data in an Amazon EMR cluster is encrypted both at rest and in transit. The data in Amazon S3 is already encrypted using an AWS KMS key. To meet the requirements, the most suitable solution is to create an EMR security configuration that specifies the correct KMS key for at- rest encryption and use the PEM file for in-transit encryption.
Option C: Create an Amazon EMR security configuration. Specify the appropriate AWS KMS key for at-rest encryption for the S3 bucket. Specify the Amazon S3 path of the PEM file for in-transit encryption. Use the security configuration during EMR cluster creation.This option configures encryption for both data at rest (using KMS keys) and data in transit (using the PEM file for SSL/TLS encryption). This approach ensures that data is fully protected during storage and transfer.
Options A, B, and D either involve creating unnecessary additional security configurations or make inaccurate assumptions about the way encryption configurations are attached.
References:
Amazon EMR Security Configuration
Amazon S3 Encryption
45. Frage
A company uses Amazon Athena to run SQL queries for extract, transform, and load (ETL) tasks by using Create Table As Select (CTAS). The company must use Apache Spark instead of SQL to generate analytics.
Which solution will give the company the ability to use Spark to access Athena?
Antwort: A
Begründung:
Athena data source is a solution that allows you to use Spark to access Athena by using the Athena JDBC driver and the Spark SQL interface. You can use the Athena data source to create Spark DataFrames from Athena tables, run SQL queries on the DataFrames, and write the results back to Athena. The Athena data source supports various data formats, such as CSV, JSON, ORC, and Parquet, and also supports partitioned and bucketed tables. The Athena data source is a cost-effective and scalable way to use Spark to access Athena, as it does not require any additional infrastructure or services, and you only pay for the data scanned by Athena.
The other options are not solutions that give the company the ability to use Spark to access Athena. Option A, Athena query settings, is a feature that allows you to configure various parameters for your Athena queries, such as the output location, the encryption settings, the query timeout, and the workgroup. Option B, Athena workgroup, is a feature that allows you to isolate and manage your Athena queries and resources, such as the query history, the query notifications, the query concurrency, and the query cost. Option D, Athena query editor, is a feature that allows you to write and run SQL queries on Athena using the web console or the API. None of these options enable you to use Spark instead of SQL to generate analytics on Athena. Reference:
Using Apache Spark in Amazon Athena
Athena JDBC Driver
Spark SQL
Athena query settings
[Athena workgroups]
[Athena query editor]
46. Frage
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