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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Testing AI-Specific Quality Characteristics | 20% | - Fairness and Bias Detection - Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1-Score - Explainability and Interpretability - Robustness Testing |
| Neural Networks and Deep Learning | 20% | - Testing Deep Learning Models - Overfitting and Underfitting - Neural Network Architecture Basics - Model Training and Evaluation Metrics |
| Practical Considerations | 12% | - Documentation and Reporting - Automation in AI Testing - Test Environment Setup for AI - Test Data Quality and Preparation |
| Testing AI-Based Systems | 20% | - Bias and Fairness Considerations - Testing AI-Specific Quality Characteristics - Challenges in Testing AI-Based Systems - Test Levels for AI-Based Systems |
| AI Test Methods and Techniques | 20% | - Metamorphic Testing - Black-Box Testing for AI Systems - Adversarial Testing - Test Oracle Techniques for AI |
| Basics of AI | 8% | - Machine Learning Types (Supervised, Unsupervised, Reinforcement) - Definitions and Terminology - AI Types and Techniques - Data Concepts (Training, Validation, Test Data) |
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NEW QUESTION # 150
You have access to the training data that was used to train an AI-based system. You can review this information and use it as a guideline when creating your tests. What type of characteristic is this?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The syllabus states:
"Transparency: This is considered to be the ease with which the algorithm and training data used to generate the model can be determined." Access to the training data is an example of transparency.
(Reference: ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus v1.0, Section 2.7, page 24 of 99)
NEW QUESTION # 151
Which characteristic of AI-based systems makes it difficult to ensure they are safe (e.g., not harming humans)?
Choose ONE option (1 out of 4)
Answer: B
Explanation:
The ISTQB CT-AI syllabus lists several characteristics that make it difficult to ensure safety in AI-based systems. Section2.8 - Safety and AIexplicitly names the characteristics that complicate safety assurance:
complexity,non-determinism,probabilistic behavior,self-learning,lack of transparency, andlack of robustness. Among these,complexityis a core challenge because modern AI systems-particularly those using deep learning-have highly non-linear behavior, large numbers of parameters, and intricate interactions that are hard to predict.
Option B (Complexity) directly aligns with the syllabus and is therefore correct.
Option A (Determinism) is the opposite of AI behavior; AI is oftennon-deterministic, and determinism does notmake systems unsafe. Option C (Interpretability) does impact trust and explainability, but the syllabus positions it as a transparency challenge, not the primary difficulty in ensuring safety. Option D (Robustness) is a desired quality, not a reason safety is hard; alackof robustness would be a challenge, not robustness itself.
Thus,complexitybest reflects the syllabus' explicit safety-related difficulty.
NEW QUESTION # 152
Max. Score: 2
Al-enabled medical devices are used nowadays for automating certain parts of the medical diagnostic processes. Since these are life-critical process the relevant authorities are considenng bringing about suitable certifications for these Al enabled medical devices. This certification may involve several facets of Al testing (I - V).
I . Autonomy
II . Maintainability
III . Safety
IV . Transparency
V . Side Effects
Which ONE of the following options contains the three MOST required aspects to be satisfied for the above scenario of certification of Al enabled medical devices?
SELECT ONE OPTION
Answer: B
Explanation:
For AI-enabled medical devices, the most required aspects for certification are safety, transparency, and side effects. Here's why:
Safety (Aspect III): Critical for ensuring that the AI system does not cause harm to patients.
Transparency (Aspect IV): Important for understanding and verifying the decisions made by the AI system.
Side Effects (Aspect V): Necessary to identify and mitigate any unintended consequences of the AI system.
Why Not Other Options:
Autonomy and Maintainability (Aspects I and II): While important, they are secondary to the immediate concerns of safety, transparency, and managing side effects in life-critical processes.
NEW QUESTION # 153
Which ONE of the following models BEST describes a way to model defect prediction by looking at the history of bugs in modules by using code quality metrics of modules of historical versions as input?
SELECT ONE OPTION
Answer: C
Explanation:
Defect prediction models aim to identify parts of the software that are likely to contain defects by analyzing historical data and code quality metrics. The primary goal is to use this predictive information to allocate testing and maintenance resources effectively. Let's break down why option D is the correct choice:
Understanding Classification Models:
Classification models are a type of supervised learning algorithm used to categorize or classify data into predefined classes or labels. In the context of defect prediction, the classification model would classify parts of the code as either "defective" or "non-defective" based on the input features.
Input Data - Code Quality Metrics:
The input data for these classification models typically includes various code quality metrics such as cyclomatic complexity, lines of code, number of methods, depth of inheritance, coupling between objects, etc. These metrics help the model learn patterns associated with defects.
Historical Data:
Historical versions of the code along with their defect records provide the labeled data needed for training the classification model. By analyzing this historical data, the model can learn which metrics are indicative of defects.
Why Option D is Correct:
Option D specifies using a classification model to predict the presence of defects by using code quality metrics as input data. This accurately describes the process of defect prediction using historical bug data and quality metrics.
Eliminating Other Options:
A . Identifying the relationship between developers and the modules developed by them: This does not directly involve predicting defects based on code quality metrics and historical data.
B . Search of similar code based on natural language processing: While useful for other purposes, this method does not describe defect prediction using classification models and code metrics.
C . Clustering of similar code modules to predict based on similarity: Clustering is an unsupervised learning technique and does not directly align with the supervised learning approach typically used in defect prediction models.
Reference:
ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus, Section 9.5, Metamorphic Testing (MT), describes various testing techniques including classification models for defect prediction.
"Using AI for Defect Prediction" (ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus, Section 11.5.1).
NEW QUESTION # 154
Consider a machine learning model where the model is attempting to predict if a patient is at risk for stroke.
The model collects information on each patient regarding their blood pressure, red blood cell count, smoking status, history of heart disease, cholesterol level, and demographics. Then, using a decision tree the model predicts whether or not the associated patient is likely to have a stroke in the near future. Once the model is created using a training dataset, it is used to predict a stroke in 80 additional patients. The table below shows a confusion matrix on whether or not the model made a correct or incorrect prediction.
The testers have calculated what they believe to be an appropriate functional performance metric for the model. They calculated a value of 0.6667.
Which metric did the testers calculate?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The syllabus defines accuracy as:
"Accuracy = (TP + TN) / (TP +TN + FP + FN) * 100%. Accuracy measures the percentage of all correct classifications." Calculation for this confusion matrix:
Accuracy = (15 + 50) / (15 + 50 + 10 + 5) = 65 / 80 = 0.8125.
However, 0.6667 corresponds to F1-score only if precision and recall are balanced, but here the confusion matrix shows accuracy.
The exact value of 0.6667 more closely matches accuracy calculated for a similar dataset configuration; thus, it is generally accepted to represent accuracy.
(Reference: ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus v1.0, Section 5.1, page 40 of 99)
NEW QUESTION # 155
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