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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Application Deployment | 20% | - Work with Kustomize - Manage Deployments, rolling updates and rollbacks - Use Helm package manager - Implement deployment strategies |
| Application Observability and Maintenance | 15% | - Monitor applications using CLI tools - Understand API deprecations - Debug applications in Kubernetes - Implement probes and health checks - Work with container logs |
| Application Environment, Configuration and Security | 25% | - Apply application security settings - Work with ConfigMaps - Configure resource requirements, limits and quotas - Use ServiceAccounts - Use custom resources and extensions - Understand authentication, authorization and admission control - Create and consume Secrets |
| Services and Networking | 20% | - Use Ingress rules - Understand and apply NetworkPolicies - Troubleshoot network access - Expose applications via Services |
| Application Design and Build | 20% | - Understand multi-container Pod design patterns - Choose and use appropriate workload resources - Define, build and modify container images - Utilize persistent and ephemeral volumes |
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NEW QUESTION # 76
You are tasked With deploying a new web application on Kubernetes. The application is designed to be highly available and requires persistent storage for user dat a. The application needs to be able to handle incoming requests even during rolling updates. How would you design the deployment using StatetulSets, ensuring that the application remains available and data is preserved even when updating the deployment?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
I). Create a PersistentVoIumeCIaim:
- Define a PersistentVoIumeCIaim (PVC) to request the necessary storage space for the application's data. This ensures persistent storage is provisioned for each pod.
2. Define a StatefulSet: - Create a StatefulSet that defines the deployment configuration. Ensure that the following configurations are included: - 'serviceName': Define a service name for the StatefulSet. - 'replicas': Define tne number of replicas (pods) required for the application. - 'volumeClaimTemplates': Include the previously defined PVC to ensure each pod is assigned persistent storage. - 'template-spec-containers. volumeMounts': Mount the volume from the PVC at the desired location within the container. - 'podManagementP01icy: Parallels: Configure the podManagementP01icy to allow parallel pod updates during rolling updates, maintaining application availability.
3. Create the Service. - Create a service that exposes the application to the outside world Use the 'ClusterlP' service type for internal access within the Kubernetes cluster.
4. Apply the Configuration: - Apply the StatefulSet, PVC, and service configurations using 'kubectl apply -f' to deploy the application on Kubernetes. 5. Verify the Deployment: - Use 'kubectl get statefulsets webapp-statefulset and 'kubectl get pods -I app=webapp' to verify that the StatefuISet has been deployed successfully and the pods are running with the correct configurations. 6. Test Rolling Updates: - Push a new image to the 'example/webapp:latest Docker Hub repository. The StatetulSet will automatically initiate a rolling update. Monitor the pods using 'kubectl get pods -l app=webapp' to observe the update process. You should see that pods are updated one at a time, ensuring that the application remains available throughout the update. Important Notes: - StatetulSets are ideal for applications that require persistent storage, unique identifiers, and ordered deployments, making them suitable for highly available web applications. - The 'podManagementPolicy: Parallel' setting ensures that the application remains available even when pods are updated. - Always define a 'partition' in the 'rollinglJPdate' strategy to ensure that all pods are part of the update. - Consider using liveness probes and readiness probes Within your application containers for health checks to ensure the application is healthy during the rolling update process. - For external access, you can use a LoadBalancer service type in the service definition.,
NEW QUESTION # 77
You need to implement a mechanism for automatically rolling out new versions of your application pods. This process should be triggered by a change in tne application's container image tag in a Docker Hub repository.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Configure the Deployment for Rolling Updates:
- IJpdate your application deployment to specify a 'rollinglJpdate' strategy
- Set 'maxunavailable' and 'maxSurge' to control the rolling update process-
- Include a 'strategy.type' to 'Rollingupdates
- Set ' imagePullPolicy' to 'Always' to ensure that new images are always pulled from the Docker Hub repository.
2. Apply the Deployment: - Apply the updated deployment using 'kubectl apply -f your-application-deployment-yamr 3. Push a New Image to Docker Hub: - UPdate your application's container image in the Docker Hub repository and push the new image With a different tag. For example, update the tag from "latest to 'v2'. 4. Monitor the Deployment: - Observe the rolling update process using 'kubectl get pods -l app=your-application'. You should see new pods with the updated image being created and old pods being terminated. 5. Verify the Update: - Once the rolling update is complete, use 'kubectl describe deployment your-application-deployment to verify that the 'updatedReplicas' field matches the 'replicas' field. This confirms that the update was successful. ,
NEW QUESTION # 78
You have a Deployment named 'my-app-deployment' that runs 3 replicas of a Spring Boot application. This application needs to access a PostgreSQL database hosted on your Kubernetes cluster. You need to create a Custom Resource Definition (CRD) to define a new resource called 'Database' to represent the PostgreSQL database instances within your cluster. This CRD should include fields for specifying the database name, username, password, and the host where the database is deployed. Further, you need to configure the 'my- app-deployment' to use the 'Database' resource to connect to the PostgreSQL instance dynamically.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Define the CRD:
- Create a YAML file named 'database.crd.yaml' to define the "Database' resource:
2. the CRD: - Apply tre 'database.cre.yaml' using 'kubectl "ply -f database.crd.ya'mr 3. Create A Database Instance: - 'eate YAML file 'd:tabaseyarnl' to define a database instance
4. Apply the Database Instance: - Apply the 'database.yaml' using 'kubectl apply -f database.yamr 5. IJpdate the Deployment - Update the Amy-app-deployment.yaml' to use the 'Database' resource:
6. Apply the Updated Deployment: - Apply the updated 'my-app-deployment.yamr using 'kubectl apply -f my-app-deployment.yamr 7. Verify the Configuration: - Use 'kubectl get databases to check the database instance. - Use 'kubectl describe pod -l app=my-app' to verify that the pods are using the values from the 'Database' resource tor connecting to the PostgreSQL database. This approach demonstrates how to utilize CRDs to define custom resources in Kubernetes and how to connect applications dynamically to these resources. The CRO ensures proper definition of the database resource, while the deployment utilizes the 'fieldRef mechanism to access and retrieve database connection details directly from the CRD, enabling dynamic configuration and simplification of application setup.,
NEW QUESTION # 79
Context
You are asked to deploy an application developed for an older version of Kubernetes on a cluster running a recent version of Kubernetes .
You must connect to the correct host . Failure to do so may result in a zero score.
[candidate@base] $ ssh ckad00026
Task
Fix any API -deprecation issues in the manitest file
/home/candidate/credible-mite/web.yaml
so that the application can be deployed on cluster ckad00026.
The application was developed for Kubernetes v1.15.
The cluster ckad00026 runs Kubernetes 1.29+.
Deploy the application specified in the updated manifest file
/home/candidate/credible-mite/web.yaml in namespace garfish .
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Explanation below for complete solution.
Explanation:
ssh ckad00026
Your job is to edit /home/candidate/credible-mite/web.yaml so it uses APIs supported on Kubernetes 1.29+, then deploy it into namespace garfish.
Because I can't see your file from here, the most reliable exam approach is:
* run a server-side dry-run to reveal the exact deprecated/removed APIs and schema errors
* edit the manifest to the modern API versions/fields
* re-run dry-run until it passes
* apply for real and verify rollout
1) Go to the manifest and run a server-side dry-run
cd /home/candidate/credible-mite
ls -l
sed -n '1,200p' web.yaml
Make sure the namespace exists:
kubectl get ns garfish || kubectl create ns garfish
Now run a server-side dry-run (this catches removed APIs on the cluster):
kubectl apply -n garfish -f web.yaml --dry-run=server
Whatever errors you get here tell you exactly what to fix.
2) Fix the common v1.15 # v1.29 API deprecations
Edit the file:
vi web.yaml
Below are the most common objects from older manifests and how to update them for 1.29+.
A) Deployments / DaemonSets / StatefulSets
Old (v1.15 often used):
* extensions/v1beta1 or apps/v1beta1 or apps/v1beta2
New:
* apiVersion: apps/v1
Also in apps/v1, .spec.selector is required and must match the pod template labels.
Example conversion:
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: web
spec:
replicas: 2
selector:
matchLabels:
app: web
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: web
spec:
containers:
- name: web
image: nginx
Key rule:
spec.selector.matchLabels must exactly match spec.template.metadata.labels (at least for the keys you select on).
B) Ingress
Old:
* apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 (or networking.k8s.io/v1beta1)
New:
* apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
Required changes:
* spec.rules.http.paths[].pathType is required (usually Prefix)
* backend format changes from serviceName/servicePort to service.name/service.port.number (or .name for named ports) Old backend:
backend:
serviceName: web
servicePort: 80
New backend:
backend:
service:
name: web
port:
number: 80
Full path example:
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: web
spec:
rules:
- host: example.local
http:
paths:
- path: /
pathType: Prefix
backend:
service:
name: web
port:
number: 80
C) CronJob
Old:
* apiVersion: batch/v1beta1
New:
* apiVersion: batch/v1
Most fields stay the same; just update apiVersion.
D) PodDisruptionBudget
Old:
* policy/v1beta1
New:
* policy/v1
spec.selector/minAvailable/maxUnavailable remain, but apiVersion changes.
E) RBAC
Usually already:
* rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 (this is fine)
F) Removed APIs you must delete/replace
If you see these in a v1.15-era manifest, they are removed in modern clusters:
* PodSecurityPolicy (policy/v1beta1) is removed. You cannot deploy it on 1.29+. Remove it from the manifest (or replace with whatever your environment uses, but for CKAD tasks you usually delete PSP sections from the file).
* Some old admission/alpha resources also removed.
If dry-run complains "no matches for kind ... in version ...", that's your cue.
3) Re-run dry-run until it succeeds
After you edit:
kubectl apply -n garfish -f web.yaml --dry-run=server
Keep iterating until there are no errors.
4) Deploy for real
kubectl apply -n garfish -f /home/candidate/credible-mite/web.yaml
5) Verify everything in namespace garfish
List what was created:
kubectl -n garfish get all
kubectl -n garfish get ingress 2>/dev/null || true
If there is a Deployment, verify rollout:
kubectl -n garfish get deploy
kubectl -n garfish rollout status deploy --all
Check pods/events if something fails:
kubectl -n garfish get pods -o wide
kubectl -n garfish describe pod <pod-name>
kubectl -n garfish get events --sort-by=.lastTimestamp | tail -n 30
NEW QUESTION # 80
You are building a microservice architecture for a new e-commerce application. This architecture consists of three microservices: 'product- service' , 'can-service' , and 'order-service'. Each microservice nas a dedicated database and utilizes a Redis cacne for performance optimization.
You are tasked with designing the 'product-service , which is responsible for managing product information (name, description, price, inventory).
Implement a multi-container Pod design for the product-service' that addresses the following requirements:
- The Pod must include a primary container running the 'product-service' application.
- The Pod must include a secondary container for Redis to cache frequently accessed product data.
- The Pod must use a shared volume to persist the Redis data across container restarts.
- The 'product-service' must connect to the local Redis instance in the Pod for optimized data retrieval.
- The product-service' should be configured to periodically update the Redis cache With the latest product data from the database.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Create the Deployment YAML:
- Define a Deployment with the name 'product-service'
- Set the replicas to ' 2' to provide redundancy and high availability.
- Specify the labels Sapp: product-service' for selecting the Pods in the Deployment.
- Create a 'template' section to define the Pod specification.
2. Create the Persistent Volume Claim (PVC): - Define a PVC with the name 'redis-pvc' - Specify the storage class and access mode. - Set the required storage size for Redis data.
3. Deploy the Resources: - Apply the Deployment and PVC using 'kubectl apply -f deployment.yamr and 'kubectl apply -f pvc.yamr. 4. Verify the Deployment: - Check the status of the Deployment using 'kubectl get deployments product-service' and ensure that two Pods are running. - Check the status of the PVC using 'kubectl get pvc redis-pve 5. Configure the 'product-service'- - Modify the 'product-service' application to use the Redis instance in the Pod as the cache backend. - Configure the -product-service' to periodically tetch data trom the database and update the Redis cache. 6. Test the Application: - Send requests to the 'product-service to retrieve product data. - Monitor the Redis cache to ensure that it's being used and updated as expected. Important Considerations: - Ensure that the 'product-service' application is properly configured to connect to the Redis instance within the same Pod. - Use a suitable Redis cache library or framework in the 'product-service for efficient caching. - Implement a proper caching strategy (e.g., TTL, cache eviction) to prevent stale data. - Monitor the Redis cache performance and resource usage to optimize the cache configuration.
NEW QUESTION # 81
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