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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Pharmacy and Pharmacology | 13% | - Anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology related to agents - Controlled substance management - Preparation, dispensing, storage, safety and disposal - Drug classification, dosage calculation, administration routes |
| Topic 2: Pain Management / Analgesia | 7% | - Multimodal analgesia protocols - Pain assessment, pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic control |
| Topic 3: Laboratory Procedures | 9% | - Parasitology, microbiology, cytology - Hematology, clinical chemistry, urinalysis - Sample collection, handling and processing |
| Topic 4: Animal Care and Nursing | 20% | - Specialized care for exotic, large or neonatal patients - Husbandry, nutrition, fluid therapy - Physical examination, patient assessment - Infection control, sanitation, isolation |
| Topic 5: Dentistry | 7% | - Dental cleaning, polishing, radiography - Dental anatomy, disease recognition - Periodontal care and patient education |
| Topic 6: Surgical Nursing | 13% | - Intraoperative and postoperative care - Wound management, suture materials and techniques - Surgical preparation, instrumentation, aseptic technique |
| Topic 7: Emergency Medicine / Critical Care | 7% | - Triage, shock, respiratory/cardiac emergencies - Toxicology, trauma, first aid procedures |
| Topic 8: Diagnostic Imaging | 6% | - Radiography: positioning, safety, technique - Ultrasound, other imaging modalities - Image quality assessment and documentation |
| Topic 9: Anesthesia | 13% | - Anesthetic agents, equipment, monitoring - Recovery and emergency management - Pre-anesthetic assessment and preparation |
| Topic 10: Communication and Veterinary Professional Support Services | 5% | - Client education, communication techniques - Practice management, team collaboration - Medical records, ethics, legal and regulatory compliance |
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NEW QUESTION # 270
What directional term refers to the portion of a tooth closest to the root tip?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Veterinary technicians must be fluent in dental terminology to complete records. Apical refers to the apex of the tooth, the portion toward the root tip.
Coronal is the portion of the tooth closest to the crown. Buccal is the portion of the tooth adjacent to the cheek mucosa. Palatal is the portion of the tooth closest to the palate (inside surface of the maxillary teeth).
NEW QUESTION # 271
You bring your cat in to see the veterinarian because Fiesty, a 6-year-old MN DMH, hesitates to jump on the counters and even the bed. He still eats and drinks normally but seems to be playing a bit less with his toys. Radiographs are performed, and hip arthritis is evident on radiographs. You want to start pain management, but have tried everything from pilling Fiesty to using Churu to grinding meds up in food and flavoring them. He absolutely will not take oral medications. You request an injectable option. Your cat weighs 6.5 kg. Your veterinarian discusses Solensia with you, and you feel it will be worthwhile.
Which of the following is false about frunevetmab?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Solensia, or frunevetmab, is a monoclonal antibody that binds to nerve growth factor (NGF), a key modulator of pain in the pain pathway in adult animals. NGF is released in the presence of noxious stimuli, leading to worsening pain, neurogenic inflammation, and peripheral sensitization. NGF levels are elevated in osteoarthritic patients within the affected joint(s). By binding to NGF, this antibody prevents it from accessing its receptors and, thus, decreases the release of downstream chemical pain mediators and dampens the inflammatory cascade.
The drug is currently only labeled for use in osteoarthritis, which has been documented in this patient radiographically and clinically.
The labeled FDA dose for a cat weighing 6.5 kg is one vial (7 mg) SC, once monthly (Q 28 days).
The FDA dosing is based on a target dose range of 1-2.8 mg/kg. For cats who are 2.5-7 kg (5.5-15.4 lb), the dose is one vial of 7 mg (1 ml) subcutaneously every month. For cats who are 7.1-14 kg, two vials are to be used (14 mg, a total of 2 ml). Regardless of the cat's weight, one or two vials are used completely.
The drug must be protected from light and refrigerated.
Side effects may include injection site reactions such as alopecia, swelling, scabbing, or itchiness, with possible dermatitis. GI signs may also occur (vomiting, diarrhea, or anorexia). Long-term safety has not yet been evaluated.
Concurrent use with NSAIDs or other pain modulators can be done off-label when needed. Still, studies have not yet been completed to elucidate possible drug interactions.
Vaccines can be administered on the same day as this medication. Still, it is recommended to administer them in different locations.
NEW QUESTION # 272
Which type of disorders are evaluated for by testing synovial fluid?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Synovial fluid is a viscous fluid found in the joint spaces. This fluid is analyzed for color, clarity, thickness, and content in the diagnosis of various joint disorders. A synovial fluid analysis is conducted when a patient shows indications of joint injury, redness, inflammation, or swelling.
Synovial fluid sampling (arthrocentesis) and analysis would not be indicated for the diagnosis of intracranial disease, hepatic dysfunction, or hypoadrenocorticism.
Clinical Anatomy and Physiology for Veterinary Technicians 3rd Edition. Pg 205.
Mosby's Comprehensive Review for Veterinary Technicians 5th Edition. Pg 118.
NEW QUESTION # 273
Horses in respiratory distress may need a temporary tracheotomy to relieve upper airway obstructions. When taking care of a horse with a tracheostomy tube, all of the following must be ensured except?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Tracheostomy tubes must be well maintained. The patient needs to be closely monitored while the tube is in and for the first 24 hours after removal, watching closely for dyspnea. The tracheostomy tube must be devoid of debris, mucous, or other particulate matter and should be cleaned often. How often it is cleaned depends on the state of the horse, the location of the animal, and the environment's conditions (barn vs. hospital stall). Continually monitor for signs of infection, including swelling, discharge, erythema, and even pain around the tube. If noted, alert the veterinarian ASAP.
The tube will need to be maintained until the upper airway obstruction is relieved. Once relieved, the tube may be removed.
NEW QUESTION # 274
Which device is used to measure the specific gravity of a urine sample?
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 275
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