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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Communication and Veterinary Professional Support Services | 5% | - Medical records, ethics, legal and regulatory compliance - Practice management, team collaboration - Client education, communication techniques |
| Topic 2: Pain Management / Analgesia | 7% | - Pain assessment, pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic control - Multimodal analgesia protocols |
| Topic 3: Diagnostic Imaging | 6% | - Ultrasound, other imaging modalities - Image quality assessment and documentation - Radiography: positioning, safety, technique |
| Topic 4: Surgical Nursing | 13% | - Wound management, suture materials and techniques - Intraoperative and postoperative care - Surgical preparation, instrumentation, aseptic technique |
| Topic 5: Dentistry | 7% | - Periodontal care and patient education - Dental cleaning, polishing, radiography - Dental anatomy, disease recognition |
| Topic 6: Pharmacy and Pharmacology | 13% | - Drug classification, dosage calculation, administration routes - Anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology related to agents - Controlled substance management - Preparation, dispensing, storage, safety and disposal |
| Topic 7: Anesthesia | 13% | - Recovery and emergency management - Anesthetic agents, equipment, monitoring - Pre-anesthetic assessment and preparation |
| Topic 8: Animal Care and Nursing | 20% | - Infection control, sanitation, isolation - Physical examination, patient assessment - Specialized care for exotic, large or neonatal patients - Husbandry, nutrition, fluid therapy |
| Topic 9: Laboratory Procedures | 9% | - Hematology, clinical chemistry, urinalysis - Parasitology, microbiology, cytology - Sample collection, handling and processing |
| Topic 10: Emergency Medicine / Critical Care | 7% | - Triage, shock, respiratory/cardiac emergencies - Toxicology, trauma, first aid procedures |
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NEW QUESTION # 1178
Ferrets are susceptible to all except which of the following?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Ferrets are not susceptible to feline panleukopenia.
Ferrets are susceptible to the following:
*Human influenza: They can both receive the infection from humans and transmit the infection to humans.
*Canine distemper: They should be vaccinated with a killed canine vaccine.
*Heartworms: Preventative medication is recommended. While their infection is closer to that of a dog, their clinical signs more closely resemble those seen in cats.
NEW QUESTION # 1179
You are practicing veterinary medicine in the U.S. and discussing the new monoclonal antibody pain medication (anti-nerve growth factor), Librela, for use in dogs with your client. The veterinarian prescribed it. The pet has stage II kidney disease and is not a candidate for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs). Still, the pet's arthritis is negatively affecting the animal's quality of life. The owner is willing to give the drug a try. You are explaining how you will administer it and any side effects to watch out for as well.
You state that it is well-tolerated overall, but reported side effects based on studies (not necessarily seen in practice) have included all of the following, except:
Answer: D
Explanation:
Librela (bedinvetmab) is a monoclonal antibody directed against nerve growth factor, a key player in the pain pathway. It has been shown to be very safe and effective at controlling osteoarthritis pain. Studies suggest pain control is comparable to that of NSAIDs in dogs, but it is considered safer than NSAIDs in dogs with underlying kidney disease.
You want to explain to your client that what is listed on the package label as possible side effects include any abnormal findings in an animal in the study, regardless of whether it was from the drug. The drug has been used for several years in Europe with minimal side effects. You explain that most dogs show no abnormalities or pain at the injection site, and some may develop elevated BUN levels. However, other reported side effects in the research include bacterial skin infections, urinary tract infections, and inflammation at the injection site (swelling and heat).
The elevated BUN was not associated with kidney dysfunction or clinical signs, and the drug has minimal metabolism pertaining to either the liver or kidneys; thus, it can be used safely in animals with underlying diseases.
Be sure to explain to clients that-while new in the U.S. as of 2023-it has been used in Europe much longer, so more real-time results show that it is very well-tolerated. Remind the client that drug companies in the U.S. must put on the label information any negative/adverse effects that happened while the clinical trials were ongoing, regardless of whether the drug had anything to do with it or not.
Clearly communicate possible risks to the owner, but note the difference between commonly seen side effects (e.g., pain at the injection site) vs. those uncommonly seen (e.g., a rise in BUN but not creatinine, lethargy, or anorexia) makes this a viable option for a pet with stage 2 kidney disease.
NEW QUESTION # 1180
When euthanizing large animals/food animals or zoo/wildlife, we don't always have the luxury of a calm animal and then placing an IV catheter and giving an intravenous injection. Sometimes, we may need to dart the animal to catch it. Other times, we may be culling large groups of animals at a time, whether for slaughter or disease eradication.
According to the American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP) and in accordance with the AVMA guidelines, all of the following euthanasia measures may be utilized by appropriately trained personnel, except:
Answer: A
Explanation:
Methods considered acceptable for equine euthanasia include:
1. Lethal IV doses of barbiturates (as are utilized in small animal medicine)
2. Gunshot to the brain, ideally with pre-sedation
3. Penetrating captive bolt to the brain with a bolt specifically intended for euthanasia, ideally with pre-sedation
4. Lidocaine hydrochloride 2% (intrathecal) with the horse in a surgical anesthetic plane (directly into the spinal cord or subarachnoid space where it mixes with the cerebral spinal fluid and enters the brain)
5. A concentrated solution of either IV magnesium sulfate or IV potassium chloride while the horse is under a surgical plane of anesthesia
6. Alternative methods may be necessary and used at the veterinarian's discretion in special situations.
Remember that, as with small animal medicine, our goal with euthanasia is not humane killing (where there may be time for distress, pain, and suffering) but to end an animal's life peacefully and give them a good quality death.
Further, when considering euthanasia in large animals, make sure you are aware of local regulations and laws and the final disposition intent of the horse. If burial is considered, some regions will not permit pentobarbital use due to environmental risks.
NEW QUESTION # 1181
Which of the following is characterized by a blue coloring of the mucous membranes?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Cyanosis is characterized by a blue coloring of the mucous membranes. This appearance results from inadequate oxygenation and any time this occurs, it should be reported to the veterinarian immediately.
Apnea is the cessation of respiration. Hyperventilation is a rapid respiratory rate. Hypertension is increased blood pressure.
NEW QUESTION # 1182
Which of the following would most likely be used for anesthetic maintenance of an ASA I or ASA II horse?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Isoflurane 1.5% to 2.5% would most likely be used for anesthetic maintenance of an ASA I or ASA II horse. The MAC of isoflurane in horses is 1.31%.
Sevoflurane 3.5 to 4.5 % and "triple drip" may also be used for anesthetic maintenance of a horse. The MAC of sevoflurane in horses is 2.84%.
Ketamine 2.2 mg/kg IV, guaifenesin IV, and diazepam 0.03 to 0.05 mg/kg IV are all used for anesthetic induction of an ASA I or ASA II horse, but would be insufficient for maintenance needs.
NEW QUESTION # 1183
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