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質問 # 177
You are deploying a WLAN monitoring solution that utilizes distributed sensor devices. Where should sensors be deployed for best results? Choose the single best answer.
正解：B
解説：
Sensors should be deployed in critical areas where WLAN performance must be high for best results when using a WLAN monitoring solution that utilizes distributed sensor devices. A WLAN monitoring solution is a system that collects, analyzes, and reports on the status and performance of a WLAN. A WLAN monitoring solution can use different methods to gather data from the WLAN, such as embedded software agents, external hardware probes, or distributed sensor devices. Distributed sensor devices are dedicated devices that are deployed throughout the WLAN coverage area to monitor the wireless traffic and environment. Distributed sensor devices can perform various functions, such as scanning the spectrum, capturing wireless frames, measuring signal quality, detecting rogue access points, testing connectivity, and generating alerts. Distributed sensor devices can provide more accurate and comprehensive data than other methods, but they also require more planning and deployment costs. Therefore, it is important to deploy sensors strategically in critical areas where WLAN performance must be high, such as high-density zones, high-priority applications, or high-security locations. By deploying sensors in critical areas, the WLAN monitoring solution can ensure optimal WLAN performance and reliability in those areas and identify and resolve any issues or problems that may arise. The other options are not the best places to deploy sensors for best results. Deploying sensors in switching closets is not effective because sensors need to be close to the wireless medium to monitor it properly. Deploying sensors every 5 meters and alongside each AP is not efficient because sensors may overlap or interfere with each other and cause unnecessary redundancy or complexity. Deploying sensors above the plenum oneach floor is not practical because sensors may not capture the wireless traffic and environment accurately due to attenuation or reflection from the ceiling materials or objects. References: CWNA-109 Study Guide, Chapter 14: Troubleshooting Wireless LANs, page 4831
質問 # 178
A string of characters and digits is entered into an AP and a client STA for WPA2 security. The string is 8 characters long. What is this string called?
正解：C
解説：
The string of characters and digits that is entered into an AP and a client STA for WPA2 security and is 8 characters long is called a passphrase. A passphrase is a human-readable text that is used to generate a Pre- Shared Key (PSK) for WPA2-Personal security. A passphrase can be between 8 and 63 characters long and can include any ASCII character. The PSK is a 256-bit key that is derived from the passphrase using a hashing algorithm called PBKDF2. The PSK is used to encrypt and decrypt the data frames between the AP and the client STA. A MSK is a Master Session Key that is generated by an authentication server for WPA2- Enterprise security. A WEP key is a 40-bit or 104-bit key that is used for Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) security, which is deprecated and insecure. A PSK is not a string of characters and digits, but a binary key. References: [CWNP Certified Wireless Network Administrator Official Study Guide: Exam CWNA-
109], page 303; [CWNA: Certified Wireless Network Administrator Official Study Guide: Exam CWNA-
109], page 293.
質問 # 179
What is the term for the additional amount of signal strength above the receiver sensitivity that provides a buffer against variable environmental conditions in an RF link?
正解：D
解説：
Fade margin, also known as system operating margin (SOM), is the amount of extra signal strength built into an RF link beyond the minimum required receiver sensitivity. This buffer accounts for variables such as weather changes, seasonal foliage growth, temperature fluctuations, and minor obstructions that could otherwise cause a link to fail. A common design goal is a fade margin of at least 10-20 dB to ensure a reliable connection under changing environmental conditions.
質問 # 180
What factors will have the most significant impact on the amount of wireless bandwidth available to each station within a BSS? (Choose 2)
正解：D
解説：
The factors that will have the most significant impact on the amount of wireless bandwidth available to each station within a BSS are:
* The number of client stations associated to the BSS
* The presence of co-located (10m away) access points on non-overlapping channels The number of client stations associated to the BSS affects the wireless bandwidth because each station shares the same channel and medium with other stations in the same BSS. The more stations there are, the more contention and collision there will be for the channel access, which reduces the throughput and efficiency of the wireless communication. The wireless bandwidth available to each station depends on how the access point allocates the channel resources and how the stations use the channel time. For example, if the access point uses a round-robin scheduling algorithm, each station will get an equal share of the channel time regardless of its data rate or traffic demand. However, if the access point uses a proportional fair scheduling algorithm, each station will get a share of the channel time that is proportional to its data rate and traffic demand, which may result in higher or lower bandwidth for different stations.
The presence of co-located (10m away) access points on non-overlapping channels affects the wireless bandwidth because even though they use different channels, they may still cause interference and noise to each other due to channel leakage or imperfect filtering. The interference and noise can degrade the signal quality and SNR of the wireless communication, which reduces the data rate and throughput of the wireless communication. The wireless bandwidth available to each station depends on how well the access point and the station can cope with the interference and noise from other channels. For example, if the access point and the station support dynamic frequency selection (DFS) or adaptive radio management (ARM), they can switch to a less congested channel or adjust their output power or antenna gain to avoid or minimize interference from other channels.
References: 1, Chapter 3, page 94; 2, Section 3.2
質問 # 181
Lynne runs a small hotel, and as a value added service for his customers he has implemented a Wi-Fi hot- spot. Lynne has read news articles about how hackers wait at hot-spots trying to take advantage of unsuspecting users. He wants to avoid this problem at his hotel.
What is an efficient and practical step that Lynne can take to decrease the likelihood of active attacks on his customers' wireless computers?
正解：B
解説：
In a public Wi-Fi hotspot, like the one Lynne runs in his hotel, ensuring customer security against active attacks is crucial. Active attacks involve unauthorized access, eavesdropping, or manipulation of the network traffic. To mitigate such threats, an effective and practical step is:
* Station-to-Station Traffic Blocking: Also known as client isolation, this feature prevents direct communication between devices connected to the Wi-Fi network. By enabling this on the access points, Lynne can significantly decrease the likelihood of active attacks like man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks, where an attacker intercepts and possibly alters the communication between two parties.
The other options, while beneficial for network security, might not be as straightforward or practical for Lynne's situation:
* Network Access Control (NAC) requires a more complex infrastructure and management, which might not be ideal for a small hotel setup.
* Implementing an SSL VPN adds an extra layer of security but might complicate the login process for users, potentially affecting the user experience.
* Requiring EAP-FAST authentication provides secure authentication but may not be feasible for transient customers who expect quick and easy network access.
Therefore, enabling station-to-station traffic blocking is a practical and efficient measure that Lynne can implement to enhance customer security on the Wi-Fi network.
References:
CWNA Certified Wireless Network Administrator Official Study Guide: Exam CWNA-109, by David D.
Coleman and David A. Westcott.
Best practices for securing a wireless network in a public hotspot environment.
質問 # 182
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