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| Certification Vendor: | The Linux Foundation |
|---|---|
| Exam Name: | Certified Kubernetes Security Specialist |
| Exam Number: | CKS |
| Passing Score: | 66% |
| Related Certifications: | CKA (Certified Kubernetes Administrator) |
| Exam Price: | $395 USD |
| Certificate Validity Period: | 2 years |
| Real Exam Qty: | 15-20 |
| Exam Format: | Performance-based hands-on command line tasks |
| Available Languages: | English |
| Exam Duration: | 120 minutes |
| Sample Questions: | Linux Foundation CKS Sample Questions |
| Exam Way: | Online proctored exam (remote) or at a testing center |
| Pre Condition: | CKA (Certified Kubernetes Administrator) certification is required before taking CKS |
| Official Syllabus URL: | https://training.linuxfoundation.org/certification/certified-kubernetes-security-specialist/ |
The Certified Kubernetes Security Specialist (CKS) (CKS) is one of the popular exams of CKS. It is designed for Linux Foundation aspirants who want to earn the Certified Kubernetes Security Specialist (CKS) (CKS) certification and validate their skills. The CKS test is not an easy exam to crack. It requires dedication and a lot of hard work. You need to prepare well to clear the CKS test on the first attempt. One of the best ways to prepare successfully for the CKS examination in a short time is using real Linux Foundation CKS Exam Dumps.
The CKS certification exam is designed for professionals who are already certified in the Kubernetes Administration (CKA) exam or have equivalent knowledge and experience. The CKS exam covers a broad range of topics related to Kubernetes security, including cluster hardening, network policies, authentication, authorization, and encryption. CKS Exam also tests the candidate's ability to identify and mitigate common security threats and vulnerabilities in Kubernetes clusters.
NEW QUESTION # 20
You can switch the cluster/configuration context using the following command:
[desk@cli] $ kubectl config use-context test-account
Task: Enable audit logs in the cluster.
To do so, enable the log backend, and ensure that:
1. logs are stored at /var/log/Kubernetes/logs.txt
2. log files are retained for 5 days
3. at maximum, a number of 10 old audit log files are retained
A basic policy is provided at /etc/Kubernetes/logpolicy/audit-policy.yaml. It only specifies what not to log.
Note: The base policy is located on the cluster's master node.
Edit and extend the basic policy to log:
1. Nodes changes at RequestResponse level
2. The request body of persistentvolumes changes in the namespace frontend
3. ConfigMap and Secret changes in all namespaces at the Metadata level Also, add a catch-all rule to log all other requests at the Metadata level Note: Don't forget to apply the modified policy.
Answer:
Explanation:
$ vim /etc/kubernetes/log-policy/audit-policy.yaml
- level: RequestResponse
userGroups: ["system:nodes"]
- level: Request
resources:
- group: "" # core API group
resources: ["persistentvolumes"]
namespaces: ["frontend"]
- level: Metadata
resources:
- group: ""
resources: ["configmaps", "secrets"]
- level: Metadata
$ vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml
Add these
- --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/log-policy/audit-policy.yaml
- --audit-log-path=/var/log/kubernetes/logs.txt
- --audit-log-maxage=5
- --audit-log-maxbackup=10
Explanation
[desk@cli] $ ssh master1
[master1@cli] $ vim /etc/kubernetes/log-policy/audit-policy.yaml
apiVersion: audit.k8s.io/v1 # This is required.
kind: Policy
# Don't generate audit events for all requests in RequestReceived stage.
omitStages:
- "RequestReceived"
rules:
# Don't log watch requests by the "system:kube-proxy" on endpoints or services
- level: None
users: ["system:kube-proxy"]
verbs: ["watch"]
resources:
- group: "" # core API group
resources: ["endpoints", "services"]
# Don't log authenticated requests to certain non-resource URL paths.
- level: None
userGroups: ["system:authenticated"]
nonResourceURLs:
- "/api*" # Wildcard matching.
- "/version"
# Add your changes below
- level: RequestResponse
userGroups: ["system:nodes"] # Block for nodes
- level: Request
resources:
- group: "" # core API group
resources: ["persistentvolumes"] # Block for persistentvolumes
namespaces: ["frontend"] # Block for persistentvolumes of frontend ns
- level: Metadata
resources:
- group: "" # core API group
resources: ["configmaps", "secrets"] # Block for configmaps & secrets
- level: Metadata # Block for everything else
[master1@cli] $ vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
annotations:
kubeadm.kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver.advertise-address.endpoint: 10.0.0.5:6443 labels:
component: kube-apiserver
tier: control-plane
name: kube-apiserver
namespace: kube-system
spec:
containers:
- command:
- kube-apiserver
- --advertise-address=10.0.0.5
- --allow-privileged=true
- --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC
- --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/log-policy/audit-policy.yaml #Add this
- --audit-log-path=/var/log/kubernetes/logs.txt #Add this
- --audit-log-maxage=5 #Add this
- --audit-log-maxbackup=10 #Add this
...
output truncated
Note: log volume & policy volume is already mounted in vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml so no need to mount it. Reference: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/audit/ Note: log volume & policy volume is already mounted in vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml so no need to mount it. Reference: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/audit/
NEW QUESTION # 21
You're tasked witn securing a Kubernetes cluster running on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE). One of the key security objectives is to ensure that only authorized users can access the cluster's API server and that communication between components within the cluster is encrypted. You need to configure the clusters network policy and authentication mechanism to enforce these security controls. Explain step-by-step how you would configure GKE's network policies and authentication mechanisms to achieve these objectives.
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Configure Network Policies:
- Create Network Policies: use the 'kubectl' command to create network policies that define the communication rules between pods and services. For
example:
bash
kubectl apply -f network-policy-yaml
- Define Rules: Specify the rules in the network policy. For example:
- Apply Policy: Apply the policy using kubectl apply -f network-policy-yaml- 2. Configure Authentication: - Enable Service Account Authentication: Configure service accounts to access the API server. In GKE, you can enable service account authentication by creating a service account key. - Create Service Account Key: Create a service account key with the following command: bash gcloud iam service-accounts keys create service-account-key.json -jam-account service-account@project_iam_gserviceaccount.com - Restrict Access: Configure the service account's permissions to minimize the risk of unauthorized access. Use the IAM policy to grant the service account access only to the required resources. 3. Configure Encryption: - Enable HTTPS for the API Server: In GKE, the API server runs over HTTPS by default. Verify that this is enabled in your cluster configuration. - Configure TLS Certificates: Ensure that the API server uses a valid TLS certificate for secure communication. In GKE, this is typically managed automatically. - Use Mutual TLS: For more robust authentication, configure mutual TLS between the API server and other components. You can use a certificate authority (CA) to issue certificates for each component and configure them for mutual authentication.
NEW QUESTION # 22
SIMULATION
Create a Pod name Nginx-pod inside the namespace testing, Create a service for the Nginx-pod named nginx-svc, using the ingress of your choice, run the ingress on tls, secure port.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 23
SIMULATION
Create a network policy named allow-np, that allows pod in the namespace staging to connect to port 80 of other pods in the same namespace.
Ensure that Network Policy:-
1. Does not allow access to pod not listening on port 80.
2. Does not allow access from Pods, not in namespace staging.
Answer:
Explanation:
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
name: network-policy
spec:
podSelector: {} #selects all the pods in the namespace deployed
policyTypes:
- Ingress
ingress:
- ports: #in input traffic allowed only through 80 port only
- protocol: TCP
port: 80
NEW QUESTION # 24
Service is running on port 389 inside the system, find the process-id of the process, and stores the names of all the open-files inside the /candidate/KH77539/files.txt, and also delete the binary.
Answer:
Explanation:
root# netstat -ltnup
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:17600 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1293/dropbox tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:17603 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1293/dropbox tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 575/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:9393 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 900/perl tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 9583/docker-proxy tcp 0 0 :::443 :::* LISTEN 9571/docker-proxy udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:68 0.0.0.0:* 8822/dhcpcd
...
root# netstat -ltnup | grep ':22'
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 575/sshd
The ss command is the replacement of the netstat command.
Now let's see how to use the ss command to see which process is listening on port 22:
root# ss -ltnup 'sport = :22'
Netid State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
tcp LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* users:("sshd",pid=575,fd=3))
NEW QUESTION # 25
......
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