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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Manage OpenShift Container Platform through CLI and Web UI | 15% | - Install and configure OpenShift cluster using CLI tools - Navigate and operate through the web console - Use oc and kubectl commands for cluster management |
| Topic 2: Configure authentication and authorization | 15% | - Configure RBAC (Role-Based Access Control) - Manage users and groups - Integrate with external identity providers - Create and manage service accounts |
| Topic 3: Deploy and manage applications | 20% | - Use ConfigMaps and Secrets - Configure application scaling and replication - Implement multi-container pods - Create and manage deployments |
| Topic 4: Implement and manage networking | 15% | - Troubleshoot network connectivity issues - Manage network policies - Configure Ingress and Egress policies |
| Topic 5: Monitor and troubleshoot cluster | 15% | - Troubleshoot common issues - Analyze logs and events - Monitor cluster health and metrics |
| Topic 6: Implement CI/CD pipelines | 10% | - Configure OpenShift pipelines ( Tekton ) - Integrate with external CI/CD tools - Automate application deployments |
| Topic 7: Manage storage for applications | 10% | - Configure persistent storage - Create and use persistent volume claims - Manage storage classes |
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NEW QUESTION # 40
Create and use client certificates with kubeconfig (CSR flow)
Task Information : Generate a client key/CSR for audit2, approve it, extract the signed cert, and build a kubeconfig using that cert.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below in Explanation:
Explanation:
* Generate private key and CSR
* openssl genrsa -out audit2.key 2048
* openssl req -new -key audit2.key -out audit2.csr -subj "/CN=audit2/O=auditors"
* CN becomes username; O can map to groups in some setups.
* Base64 encode CSR for the API object
* CSR=$(base64 -w0 audit2.csr)
* Kubernetes CSR object expects base64-encoded request data.
* Create the CSR object
* cat < < EOF | oc apply -f -
* apiVersion: certificates.k8s.io/v1
* kind: CertificateSigningRequest
* metadata:
* name: audit2-csr
* spec:
* request: ${CSR}
* signerName: kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client
* usages:
* - client auth
* EOF
* Approve the CSR
* oc adm certificate approve audit2-csr
* Approval triggers certificate issuance.
* Extract the signed certificate
* oc get csr audit2-csr -o jsonpath='{.status.certificate}' | base64 -d > audit2.crt
* Produces the client certificate file.
* Build kubeconfig using cert/key
* oc config set-credentials audit2 \
* --client-certificate=audit2.crt --client-key=audit2.key \
* --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=audit2.kubeconfig
* oc config set-cluster lab \
* --server="$(oc whoami --show-server)" \
* --insecure-skip-tls-verify=true \
* --kubeconfig=audit2.kubeconfig
* oc config set-context audit2 \
* --cluster=lab --user=audit2 --namespace=default \
* --kubeconfig=audit2.kubeconfig
* Creates a kubeconfig that authenticates using client certificates.
* Test
* oc --kubeconfig=audit2.kubeconfig get ns
NEW QUESTION # 41
Add tolerations to a deployment
Task Information : Update payments/api deployment to tolerate dedicated=payments:NoSchedule.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below in Explanation:
Explanation:
* Patch deployment with toleration
* oc -n payments patch deploy api --type=merge -p '{
* "spec":{"template":{"spec":{"tolerations":[
* {"key":"dedicated","operator":"Equal","value":"payments","effect":"NoSchedule"}
* ]}}}
* }'
* Toleration allows pods to schedule onto tainted nodes.
* Verify scheduling
* oc -n payments get pods -o wide
NEW QUESTION # 42
Backup and Restore - Fix SCC for Restored Application
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below in Explanation:
Explanation:
Step 1: Identify the application namespace after restore.
The lab shows the namespace as my-app-namespace.
Step 2: Run the SCC assignment command:
oc adm policy add-scc-to-user anyuid -z default -n my-app-namespace
Step 3: Confirm the role binding is applied.
The lab output shows:
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:openshift:scc:anyuid added: "default" Detailed explanation:
After a restore, the application may fail if its pods require a security context not permitted by the default SCC allocation. This command grants the anyuid SCC to the default service account in the my-app-namespace project. The -z default syntax targets the default service account, which many restored workloads use if no custom service account is defined. The anyuid SCC allows containers to run with arbitrary user IDs, which some legacy or prebuilt images require. In OpenShift, SCC mismatches commonly cause pods to remain in pending or crash-related states. Assigning the proper SCC resolves those admission issues so workloads can start successfully. This step is therefore a post-restore operational fix to align security policy with application requirements.
NEW QUESTION # 43
Configure log forwarding to an external endpoint
Task Information : Configure Cluster Logging to forward application logs to an external output using ClusterLogForwarder.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below in Explanation:
Explanation:
* Verify logging namespace and resources
* oc get ns openshift-logging
* oc -n openshift-logging get clusterlogforwarder
* ClusterLogForwarder configures pipelines and outputs.
* Create/Edit ClusterLogForwarder (example structure)
* Define an output (external system) and pipeline selecting application logs.
* Apply via YAML:
* oc -n openshift-logging apply -f clusterlogforwarder.yaml
* Validate collector pods are healthy
* oc -n openshift-logging get pods
* Forwarding relies on collectors (vector/fluentd depending config).
* Generate a test log line
* oc -n openshift-logging run logger --image=busybox --restart=Never -- /bin/sh -c 'echo hello- forwarding; sleep 5'
* This creates a known message to search in the external endpoint.
* Confirm logs arrive at destination
* Use your external system's query/search to confirm hello-forwarding.
NEW QUESTION # 44
Configure project-wide default tolerations
Task Information : Configure the payments namespace so new pods automatically include a default toleration.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below in Explanation:
Explanation:
* Annotate the namespace with default tolerations
* oc annotate ns payments \
* scheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultTolerations='[{"key":"dedicated","operator":"Equal","value":" payments","effect":"NoSchedule"}]' \
* --overwrite
* Some clusters honor this pattern; if not, the fallback is mutating admission or editing workloads.
* Create a new pod/deployment in the namespace
* Then verify its spec includes tolerations:
* oc -n payments get pod < pod > -o yaml | grep -n tolerations -A5
NEW QUESTION # 45
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