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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| AI Governance and Strategy | - AI governance frameworks and organizational oversight
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| Regulatory and Compliance Requirements | - Global AI regulatory landscape
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| AI Lifecycle Controls | - Controls across AI development lifecycle
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| AI Risk Management | - Risk identification and assessment for AI systems
|
| Ethics, Privacy, and Responsible AI | - Ethical AI principles and compliance
|
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NEW QUESTION # 109
Which of the following metrics BEST indicates false positives in an AI model output?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Within the ISACA Advanced in AI Risk framework, life-cycle controls should protect data quality, model design, testing, validation, monitoring, change management, and secure retirement of AI systems. Precision is directly affected by false positives because it measures the proportion of predicted positives that are actually positive. Recall is more sensitive to false negatives, F1 combines both dimensions, and overall accuracy can hide a high false-positive rate. This makes option A, Precision, the strongest answer. The other choices describe narrower technical, operational, performance, or administrative considerations and do not address the primary risk-management objective in the scenario as directly. A risk practitioner should select the response that most effectively reduces the stated exposure while preserving appropriate oversight, traceability, and alignment with organizational risk tolerance and business requirements.
NEW QUESTION # 110
Which of the following should be the MOST important area of focus during the development of data security risk scenarios specific to AI?
Answer: D
Explanation:
AI systems introduce unique security threat vectors that differ fundamentally from conventional IT security scenarios. Risk scenarios must address AI-specific attacks-model poisoning, adversarial inputs, output manipulation-that conventional security frameworks do not cover.
Why A is Correct: The ISACA AAIR AI security risk scenario guidance focuses on attacks that specifically exploit AI system properties-particularly techniques that maliciously alter AI outputs. These AI-specific attack vectors (adversarial examples, model inversion, prompt injection, output manipulation) represent the most important focus for AI security risk scenario development because they target capabilities unique to AI systems and cannot be addressed by repurposing conventional IT security scenarios.
Why B is Wrong: Business unit readiness documentation is a change management and organizational capability assessment activity. It supports AI adoption planning but does not constitute AI security risk scenario development.
Why C is Wrong: Access policy development is an important security control activity but represents control design rather than risk scenario development. Access policies respond to identified risks; they are not themselves risk scenarios.
Why D is Wrong: Quantum encryption is an emerging cryptographic technology addressing future threats to classical encryption. While relevant for long-term data protection planning, it represents a specialized and forward-looking concern rather than the most important focus for current AI security risk scenarios.
NEW QUESTION # 111
Which of the following is the MOST important consideration when developing AI security policies?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Within the ISACA Advanced in AI Risk framework, governance decisions should align AI use with policy, accountability, stakeholder expectations, risk appetite, and applicable legal or ethical obligations. AI security policies should be relevant to the organization ' s current and planned use cases and strategic objectives. A policy disconnected from actual AI adoption will not establish useful requirements for the risks the organization is taking. This makes option B, Relevance to current and projected AI use cases and strategic objectives, the strongest answer. The other choices describe narrower technical, operational, performance, or administrative considerations and do not address the primary risk-management objective in the scenario as directly. A risk practitioner should select the response that most effectively reduces the stated exposure while preserving appropriate oversight, traceability, and alignment with organizational risk tolerance and business requirements.
NEW QUESTION # 112
Which of the following is the GREATEST concern when an organization cannot clearly explain an AI system's decision-making process and the origin of its inputs?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explainability and input transparency are foundational requirements for responsible AI governance. When these are absent, organizations lose the ability to identify when AI systems produce harmful, biased, or inaccurate results-leaving those harms undetected and unaddressed.
Why C is Correct: According to ISACA AAIR, the inability to explain AI decisions is most dangerous because it creates an environment where discriminatory or inaccurate outputs can persist undetected. This exposes the organization to regulatory penalties (particularly under anti-discrimination, financial services, and privacy laws), reputational damage, and harm to affected individuals. The detection gap-not knowing what the system is doing wrong-is the core governance failure.
Why A is Wrong: External provider dependence is a third-party risk management concern. While relevant, it is a structural risk that can be addressed through contract management, not an immediate consequence of lacking explainability.
Why B is Wrong: Declining adoption rates represent a change management and trust concern. Business unit reluctance to adopt AI is a cultural and operational issue, not the primary risk from unexplainable AI decisions.
Why D is Wrong: Manual review bottlenecks represent operational inefficiency. They may result from lack of confidence in AI outputs but do not represent the primary organizational harm from unexplainability.
NEW QUESTION # 113
Which risk treatment is MOST appropriate when an organization's AI system presents residual risk within tolerance and impacts non-critical functions?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Risk treatment decisions are driven by two factors: whether the residual risk falls within or outside tolerance, and the criticality of the affected function. When both conditions-risk within tolerance AND non-critical function impact-are met, formal risk acceptance is the appropriate and proportionate treatment.
Why A is Correct: According to ISACA AAIR risk treatment guidance, documented formal risk acceptance is the appropriate response when residual risk is within defined tolerance for non-critical functions. Risk acceptance acknowledges the identified exposure, documents the organization's conscious decision to accept it, and establishes accountability for that decision. This proportionate response avoids over-investing in controls for risk that the organization has determined is acceptable.
Why B is Wrong: Recommending increases to tolerance thresholds is a governance manipulation rather than a risk treatment. Adjusting thresholds upward to accommodate risk does not address the risk; it merely reclassifies it as acceptable. This approach undermines risk governance integrity.
Why C is Wrong: Enhancing monitoring to detect deviations represents additional control investment that may be disproportionate for risk that is already within tolerance affecting non-critical functions. Enhanced monitoring is more appropriate when risk is near the tolerance boundary or when trends indicate potential future breach.
Why D is Wrong: Periodic vulnerability scanning is a security assurance activity that identifies technical weaknesses. It represents an ongoing control measure rather than the appropriate risk treatment decision for a residual risk that is already within tolerance.
NEW QUESTION # 114
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