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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Advanced BGP Features | 10% | - BGP path control and filtering - BGP route attributes and policies - Route reflectors and confederations |
| Topic 2: MPLS Technologies | 19% | - MPLS protection and fast reroute - MPLS VPN and traffic engineering - MPLS basics and label distribution |
| Topic 3: Network O&M | 7% | - Performance optimization and capacity planning - Network monitoring and management tools |
| Topic 4: Network Troubleshooting | 10% | - Troubleshooting routing and switching issues - Fault diagnosis and analysis methods |
| Topic 5: Advanced Ethernet Technologies | 10% | - VLAN stacking and QinQ - Advanced link aggregation and reliability - Ethernet OAM and protection mechanisms |
| Topic 6: IPv6 Routing | 20% | - OSPFv3 and IS-IS for IPv6 - IPv6 addressing and transition technologies - BGP4+ and IPv6 route deployment |
| Topic 7: Network Cutover and Migration | 7% | - Migration strategies and risk control - Service switchover and verification |
| Topic 8: Advanced IGP Features | 17% | - IS-IS advanced features and convergence - OSPF advanced features and optimization - IGP route selection and control |
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問題 #190
On the OSPF network shown in the figure, area 1 is an NSSA, area 2 is a common area, and R4 imports an external route 10.0.4.4/32. The router ID of each router is 10.0.X.X, where X is the router number. If the asbr-summary 10.0.4.0 255.255.255.0 command is run in the OSPF processes of R1 and R3, which of the following routers have the route 10.0.4.0/24 in their routing tables?
答案:A,D
解題說明:
Step 1: Understanding OSPF Areas and Summarization
* Area 1 (NSSA - Not So Stubby Area)
* Allows external routes but converts Type-5 LSAs into Type-7 LSAs.
* External routes must be translated by an ABR into Type-5 LSAs before being propagated into other areas.
* Area 2 (Common Area - Regular OSPF Area)
* Supports both inter-area and external routes.
* asbr-summary 10.0.4.0 255.255.255.0 Command
* This command summarizes all external routes within 10.0.4.0/24 into a single summarized route.
* Since it is applied on R1 and R3, these routers will advertise 10.0.4.0/24 instead of 10.0.4.4/32 to their respective areas.
Step 2: Route Distribution Analysis
* R4 (Originating Router in NSSA - Area 1)
* R4 injects 10.0.4.4/32 as a Type-7 LSA into Area 1.
* R1 (ABR between Area 1 & Area 0, Summarizing Route)
* Since R1 is an ABR, it translates Type-7 LSAs from Area 1 into a summarized Type-5 LSA (10.0.4.0/24) for Area 0.
* # R1 has 10.0.4.0/24 in its routing table.
* R2 (Inside Backbone Area 0, No ASBR Summary Applied Here)
* R2 only receives Type-5 LSAs from R1 but does not summarize them.
* Since R2 is not explicitly summarizing, it will likely still see 10.0.4.4/32 rather than 10.0.4.0
/24.
* # R2 does not have 10.0.4.0/24.
* R3 (ABR between Area 0 & Area 2, Summarizing Route)
* R3 is also an ABR and has the asbr-summary 10.0.4.0/24 command configured.
* It will advertise the summarized route 10.0.4.0/24 into Area 2.
* # R3 has 10.0.4.0/24 in its routing table.
* R5 (Inside Area 2, No Direct Connectivity to External Routes)
* Since R3 summarizes 10.0.4.0/24, R5 (inside Area 2) will receive only summarized routes.
* # R5 has 10.0.4.0/24.
Final answer: # R1, R3 (Option A, C)
References:
* HCIP-Datacom-Advanced Routing & Switching Technology V1.0 - OSPF Route Summarization
* OSPF NSSA and Type-7 to Type-5 LSA Translation
問題 #191
As shown in the IS-IS IP4 network, when the network is stable, R1 can ping 2000:12::0, and the MAC address corresponding to 2000:12::0 can be viewed through "display ipv6 neighbors".
答案:B
問題 #192
In the OSPFv3 network shown in the figure, the interfaces of R1 and R2 both have two IPv6 addresses. Although the prefix lengths of the IPv6 addresses of R1 and R2 are different, they can still establish an OSPFv3 neighbor relationship. If R2 is the DR, then the Intra-Area-Prefix-LSA generated by R2 will contain four prefixes.
答案:B
問題 #193
OSPPv3 is running between R1 and R2, and the IPv6 addresses configured on the interfaces are marked in the figure. The Router ID of R1 is 10.0.1.1, and the Router ID of R2 is 10.0.2.2.
Which of the following is true about the default situation?
答案:A
問題 #194
The figure shows the logical network architecture of a migration project. The purpose of the migration is to enable terminals in different geographical locations to communicate with each other and deploy the gateway of the terminals on the PE routers.
After the migration is complete, which of the following methods can be used by network engineers to preliminarily check the network connectivity?
Options:
答案:B,C,D
解題說明:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
1. Understanding the Network Setup
* PE1 (Provider Edge 1) is the gateway for network 192.168.1.1/24.
* PE2 (Provider Edge 2) is the gateway for network 192.168.2.1/24.
* A cloud-based backbone connects PE1 and PE2.
* To verify end-to-end communication, engineers need to check reachability between PE1 and PE2.
2. Evaluating Each Answer Option
* Option A: " Configuring NQA on PE1 and PE2, with the destination address being the IP address of each other. "
* # Correct.
* NQA (Network Quality Analysis) is a network testing tool that allows connectivity testing between two devices.
* Configuring NQA between PE1 and PE2 will verify end-to-end reachability.
* Option B: " On PE1 and PE2, checking whether the ARP table contains the ARP entry of the peer network segment. "
* # Incorrect.
* ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is only used for resolving MAC addresses within the same broadcast domain.
* Since PE1 and PE2 are in different network segments (separated by a routed network), they will not have ARP entries for each other.
* Instead, routing entries should be checked, not ARP.
* Option C: " On PE1, using 192.168.1.1 as the source address to ping 192.168.2.1. "
* # Correct.
* A simple ping test using the source address of PE1 (192.168.1.1) to reach PE2 (192.168.2.1) will verify whether routing between the two locations is functional.
* Option D: " On PE1 and PE2, checking whether there are routes to each other's network segment in the routing tables. "
* # Correct.
* If routing is not configured correctly, PE1 and PE2 will not know how to reach each other.
* Checking the routing table ensures that both PEs have the correct next-hop information.
Final Answer:
# A, C, and D are correct.
HCIP-Datacom-Advanced Routing & Switching Technology References:
* Using NQA for Network Connectivity Testing
* Verifying Routing Table Entries for Inter-Network Communication
* Understanding ARP and Its Limitations in Routed Networks
問題 #195
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從Google Drive中免費下載最新的Fast2test H12-831_V1.0-ENU PDF版考試題庫:https://drive.google.com/open?id=1LHUvcjVKgXF-UuZB8mAQRZCZ5R5FBk1T