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Amazon SCS-C03 Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic	Details
Topic 1	Identity and Access Management: This domain deals with controlling authentication and authorization through user identity management, role-based access, federation, and implementing least privilege principles.
Topic 2	Detection: This domain covers identifying and monitoring security events, threats, and vulnerabilities in AWS through logging, monitoring, and alerting mechanisms to detect anomalies and unauthorized access.
Topic 3	Data Protection: This domain centers on protecting data at rest and in transit through encryption, key management, data classification, secure storage, and backup mechanisms.
Topic 4	Security Foundations and Governance: This domain addresses foundational security practices including policies, compliance frameworks, risk management, security automation, and audit procedures for AWS environments.

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Amazon AWS Certified Security - Specialty Sample Questions (Q181-Q186):

NEW QUESTION # 181
A company ' s public website consists of an Application Load Balancer (ALB), a set of Amazon EC2 instances that run a stateless application behind the ALB, and an Amazon DynamoDB table from which the application reads data. The company is concerned about malicious scanning and DDoS attacks. The company wants to impose a restriction in which each client IP address can read the data only3 times in any 5-minute period.
Which solution will meet this requirement with the LEAST effort?

A. Modify the EC2 application to count the source IP address of requests and calculate a rolling 5-minute sum. Return an error message if the count sum is greater than 3.
B. Set up AWS WAF in front of the ALB. Create a rule that blocks requests that exceed the limit of 3 requests in any 5-minute period for each IP address.
C. Add source IP address and request time to the DynamoDB table. Add a 5-minute TTL setting based on request time. Change the read capacity of the DynamoDB table throughput to 3.
D. Create an AWS Lambda function based on an Amazon CloudWatch request. Configure the Lambda function to count the requests for each IP address in rolling 5-minute intervals and to provide notification if the count exceeds 3.

Answer: B

Explanation:
This is a classic Layer 7 rate-limiting requirement tied toclient IPand atime window, and AWS WAF provides this natively withrate-based rules. Placing AWS WAF in front of the ALB allows the company to count requests per source IP over a rolling window and take action (block, CAPTCHA/challenge, or count depending on configuration) once the threshold is exceeded. This approach mitigates scanning and application-layer request floods early, before requests consume EC2 or DynamoDB capacity, and it requires minimal custom code or operational work.
Options B and C require building and maintaining custom counting logic (either in Lambda or in the application), which increases complexity and risk of errors, and it also introduces operational overhead for scaling state tracking across many IPs. Option D is not appropriate: altering DynamoDB capacity does not enforce "per-IP reads," and storing per-request metadata in the same table is an anti-pattern that increases write load and complexity.
Therefore, using AWS WAF rate-based protection at the ALB is the least-effort, most effective solution.

NEW QUESTION # 182
A company begins to use AWS WAF after experiencing an increase in traffic to the company's public web applications. A security engineer needs to determine if the increase in traffic is because of application-layer attacks. The security engineer needs a solution to analyze AWS WAF traffic.
Which solution will meet this requirement?

A. Configure AWS WAF to send logs to a trail in AWS CloudTrail. Create an Amazon Data Firehose delivery stream to send the logs to an Amazon S3 bucket. Use Amazon Athena to query the data in the S3 bucket.
B. Configure AWS WAF to send logs to a trail in AWS CloudTrail. Create an Amazon Data Firehose delivery stream to send the logs to Amazon OpenSearch Service. Use OpenSearch Dashboards and an Amazon Athena connector to query the logs.
C. Configure AWS WAF to send logs to an Amazon S3 bucket. Configure an OpenSearch table with a partition projection of the S3 bucket. Use OpenSearch to query the data in the S3 bucket.
D. Configure AWS WAF to send logs to an Amazon S3 bucket. Configure an Amazon Athena table with a partition projection of the S3 bucket. Use Athena to query the data in the S3 bucket.

Answer: D

Explanation:
AWS WAF supportsWAF loggingas a dedicated feature that can deliver logs to destinations such as Amazon S3 (commonly via Kinesis Data Firehose). These logs contain rich request details (rule matches, action taken, headers, URI, source IP, etc.) that are essential for determining whether traffic spikes are due to application-layer attacks. For analysis with low operational overhead, storing logs inS3and querying them withAmazon Athenais a standard pattern.
Usingpartition projectionfurther reduces administrative work by avoiding manual partition management and enabling efficient queries over time-based prefixes.

NEW QUESTION # 183
A company has a large fleet of Amazon Linux 2 Amazon EC2 instances that run an application.
The application processes sensitive data and has the following compliance requirements:
- No remote access management ports to the EC2 instances can be exposed internally or externally.
- All remote session activity must be recorded in an audit log.
- All remote access to the EC2 instances must be authenticated and
authorized by AWS IAM Identity Center.
- The company's DevOps team occasionally needs to connect to one of the EC2 instances to troubleshoot issues.
Which solution will provide remote access to the EC2 instances while meeting the compliance requirements?

A. Enable EC2 instance Connect on the AMI of the EC2 instances. Configure the appropriate security group rules. Grant EC2 console access to the DevOps team for access to EC2 instance Connect.
B. Grant access to the EC2 serial console at the account level. Create an IAM policy that allows an IAM role of the DevOps team to access the EC2 serial console.
C. Use AWS Systems Manager Automation runbooks to open remote access ports to the EC2 instances. Attach a role to the EC2 instances to allow the runbooks to run.
D. Assign an EC2 instance role that allows access to AWS Systems Manager. Create an IAM policy that grants access to Systems Manager Session Manager. Assign the policy to an IAM role of the DevOps team.

Answer: D

Explanation:
No remote access management ports exposed: Systems Manager Session Manager does not require the opening of any inbound ports on the EC2 instances, which ensures compliance with the policy that no remote management ports should be exposed internally or externally.
Remote session activity recorded in an audit log: Session Manager automatically records all session activity in AWS CloudTrail and Amazon CloudWatch Logs. This meets the requirement for audit logs of remote session activity.
Authentication and authorization by AWS IAM Identity Center: With Session Manager, access to EC2 instances is managed through IAM policies, ensuring that access is authenticated and authorized using AWS IAM Identity Center (formerly known as AWS Single Sign-On).

NEW QUESTION # 184
An application is running on an Amazon EC2 instance that has an IAM role attached. The IAM role provides access to an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) customer managed key and an Amazon S3 bucket. The key is used to access 2 TB of sensitive data that is stored in the S3 bucket. A security engineer discovers a potential vulnerability on the EC2 instance that could result in the compromise of the sensitive data. Due to other critical operations, the security engineer cannot immediately shut down the EC2 instance for vulnerability patching. What is the FASTEST way to prevent the sensitive data from being exposed?

A. Disable the current key. Create a new KMS key that the IAM role does not have access to, and re- encrypt all the data with the new key. Schedule the compromised key for deletion.
B. Block access to the public range of S3 endpoint IP addresses by using a host-based firewall.
Ensure that internet-bound traffic from the affected EC2 instance is routed through the host-based firewall.
C. Revoke the IAM role's active session permissions. Update the S3 bucket policy to deny access to the IAM role. Remove the IAM role from the EC2 instance profile.
D. Download the data from the existing S3 bucket to a new EC2 instance. Then delete the data from the S3 bucket. Re-encrypt the data with a client-based key. Upload the data to a new S3 bucket.

Answer: C

Explanation:
AWS incident response best practices emphasize rapid containment to prevent further data exposure. According to the AWS Certified Security - Specialty Study Guide, the fastest and least disruptive containment method for compromised compute resources is to immediately revoke credentials and permissions rather than modifying data or infrastructure.
Revoking the IAM role's active sessions prevents the EC2 instance from continuing to access AWS services. Updating the S3 bucket policy to explicitly deny access to the IAM role ensures immediate enforcement, even if temporary credentials remain cached. Removing the IAM role from the instance profile further prevents new credentials from being issued.
Option A and D involve large-scale data movement or re-encryption, which is time-consuming and operationally expensive. Option B relies on network-level controls that do not prevent access through private AWS endpoints.
AWS guidance explicitly recommends credential revocation and policy-based denial as the fastest containment step during active incidents.

NEW QUESTION # 185
A company has a large fleet of Amazon Linux 2 Amazon EC2 instances that run an application.
The application processes sensitive data and has the following compliance requirements:
- No remote access management ports to the EC2 instances can be exposed internally or externally.
- All remote session activity must be recorded in an audit log.
- All remote access to the EC2 instances must be authenticated and
authorized by AWS IAM Identity Center.
The company's DevOps team occasionally needs to connect to one of the EC2 instances to troubleshoot issues.
Which solution will provide remote access to the EC2 instances while meeting the compliance requirements?

A. Use AWS Systems Manager Automation runbooks to open remote access ports.
B. Grant access to the EC2 serial console at the account level.
C. Enable EC2 Instance Connect and configure security group rules.
D. Assign an EC2 instance role that allows access to AWS Systems Manager. Create an IAM policy that grants access to Systems Manager Session Manager. Assign the policy to an IAM role of the DevOps team.

Answer: D

Explanation:
AWS Systems Manager Session Manager provides secure, auditable, and portless access to EC2 instances. According to the AWS Certified Security - Specialty Study Guide, Session Manager allows administrators to connect to instances without opening inbound SSH or RDP ports, fully satisfying strict compliance requirements.
Session Manager integrates directly with AWS IAM Identity Center, ensuring that all access is authenticated and authorized using centralized identity management. Additionally, Session Manager automatically records session activity and can send logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs or Amazon S3, providing a complete audit trail of all commands executed during a session.

NEW QUESTION # 186
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