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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Troubleshooting | 30% | - Cluster component troubleshooting - Application and networking debugging |
| Workloads & Scheduling | 15% | - ConfigMaps and Secrets - Deployments and rolling updates - Scheduling constraints |
| Storage | 10% | - Storage classes - PersistentVolumes and PersistentVolumeClaims |
| Services & Networking | 20% | - Services (ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer) - Ingress configuration - Network policies |
| Cluster Architecture, Installation & Configuration | 25% | - High availability setup - Cluster installation and configuration - Kubernetes architecture components |
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NEW QUESTION # 32
Score: 7%
Task
Create a new NetworkPolicy named allow-port-from-namespace in the existing namespace echo. Ensure that the new NetworkPolicy allows Pods in namespace my-app to connect to port 9000 of Pods in namespace echo.
Further ensure that the new NetworkPolicy:
* does not allow access to Pods, which don't listen on port 9000
* does not allow access from Pods, which are not in namespace my-app
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution:
#network.yaml
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
name: allow-port-from-namespace
namespace: internal
spec:
podSelector:
matchLabels: {
}
policyTypes:
- Ingress
ingress:
- from:
- podSelector: {
}
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 8080
#spec.podSelector namespace pod
kubectl create -f network.yaml
NEW QUESTION # 33
List "nginx-dev" and "nginx-prod" pod and delete those pods
Answer:
Explanation:
kubect1 get pods -o wide
kubectl delete po "nginx-dev"
kubectl delete po "nginx-prod"
NEW QUESTION # 34
Set the node named ek8s-node-1 as unavailable and reschedule all the pods running on it.
Answer:
Explanation:
solution
NEW QUESTION # 35
You must connect to the correct host.
Failure to do so may result in a zero score.
[candidate@base] $ ssh Cka000056
Task
Review and apply the appropriate NetworkPolicy from the provided YAML samples.
Ensure that the chosen NetworkPolicy is not overly permissive, but allows communication between the frontend and backend Deployments, which run in the frontend and backend namespaces respectively.
First, analyze the frontend and backend Deployments to determine the specific requirements for the NetworkPolicy that needs to be applied.
Next, examine the NetworkPolicy YAML samples located in the ~/netpol folder.
Failure to comply may result in a reduced score.
Do not delete or modify the provided samples. Only apply one of them.
Finally, apply the NetworkPolicy that enables communication between the frontend and backend Deployments, without being overly permissive.
Answer:
Explanation:
Task Summary
* Connect to host cka000056
* Review existing frontend and backend Deployments
* Choose one correct NetworkPolicy from the ~/netpol directory
* The policy must:
* Allow traffic only from the frontend Deployment to the backend Deployment
* Avoid being overly permissive
* Apply the correct NetworkPolicy without modifying any sample files
Step-by-Step Instructions
Step 1: SSH into the correct node
ssh cka000056
Step 2: Inspect the frontend Deployment
Check the labels used in the frontend Deployment:
kubectl get deployment -n frontend -o yaml
Look under metadata.labels or spec.template.metadata.labels. Note the app or similar label (e.g., app:
frontend).
Step 3: Inspect the backend Deployment
kubectl get deployment -n backend -o yaml
Again, find the labels assigned to the pods (e.g., app: backend).
Step 4: List and review the provided NetworkPolicies
List the available files:
ls ~/netpol
Check the contents of each policy file:
cat ~/netpol/<file-name>.yaml
Look for a policy that:
* Has kind: NetworkPolicy
* Applies to the backend namespace
* Uses a podSelector that matches the backend pods
* Includes an ingress.from rule that references the frontend namespace using a namespaceSelector (and optionally a podSelector)
* Does not allow traffic from all namespaces or all pods
Here's what to look for in a good match:
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
name: allow-frontend-to-backend
namespace: backend
spec:
podSelector:
matchLabels:
app: backend
ingress:
- from:
- namespaceSelector:
matchLabels:
name: frontend
Even better if the policy includes:
- namespaceSelector:
matchLabels:
name: frontend
podSelector:
matchLabels:
app: frontend
This limits access to pods in the frontend namespace with a specific label.
Step 5: Apply the correct NetworkPolicy
Once you've identified the best match, apply it:
kubectl apply -f ~/netpol/<chosen-file>.yaml
Apply only one file. Do not alter or delete any existing sample.
ssh cka000056
kubectl get deployment -n frontend -o yaml
kubectl get deployment -n backend -o yaml
ls ~/netpol
cat ~/netpol/*.yaml # Review carefully
kubectl apply -f ~/netpol/<chosen-file>.yaml
Command Summary
ssh cka000056
kubectl get deployment -n frontend -o yaml
kubectl get deployment -n backend -o yaml
ls ~/netpol
cat ~/netpol/*.yaml # Review carefully
kubectl apply -f ~/netpol/<chosen-file>.yaml
NEW QUESTION # 36
You have a Deployment named 'frontend-deployment' with 5 replicas of a frontend container. You need to implement a rolling update strategy that allows for a maximum of 2 pods to be unavailable at any given time. You also want to ensure that the update process is completed within a specified timeout of 8 minutes. If the update fails to complete within the timeout, the deployment should revert to the previous version. Additionally, you want to configure a 'post-start' hook for the frontend container that executes a health check script to verify the application's readiness before it starts accepting traffic.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Update the Deployment YAML:
- Update the 'replicas' to 5.
- Define 'maxUnavailable: 2' and 'maxSurge: 0' in the 'strategy.rollingUpdate' section to control the rolling update process.
- Configure a 'strategy.type' to 'RollingUpdate' to trigger a rolling update when the deployment is updated.
- Set Always' to ensure that the new image is pulled even if
it exists in the pod's local cache.
- Add a 'spec.progressDeadlineSeconds: 480' to set a timeout of 8 minutes for the update process.
- Add a 'spec.template.spec.containers[0].lifecycle.postStart' hook to define a script that executes a health check script before the container starts accepting traffic.
2. Create the Deployment: - Apply the updated YAML file using 'kubectl apply -f frontend-deployment.yaml' 3. Verify the Deployment: - Check the status of the deployment using 'kubectl get deployments frontend-deployment' to confirm the rollout and updated replica count. 4. Trigger the Automatic Update: - Push a new image to the 'my.org/frontend:latest' Docker Hub repository. 5. Monitor the Deployment: - Use 'kubectl get pods -l app=frontend' to monitor the pod updates during the rolling update process. 6. Observe Rollback if Timeout Exceeds: - If the update process takes longer than 8 minutes to complete, the deployment will be rolled back to the previous version. This can be observed using 'kubectl describe deployment frontend-deployment' and checking the 'updatedReplicas' and 'availableReplicas' fields.,
NEW QUESTION # 37
......
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