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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Storage | 10% | - StorageClasses and dynamic provisioning - StatefulSet storage configuration - Volume types and access modes - Persistent Volumes (PV) and Persistent Volume Claims (PVC) |
| Services & Networking | 20% | - Network policies - CNI configuration and troubleshooting - Ingress resources and controllers - CoreDNS and service discovery - Service types: ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer, ExternalName |
| Workloads & Scheduling | 15% | - Deployments, rolling updates and rollbacks - Pod scheduling: node selector, affinity, taints/tolerations - Configure applications with ConfigMaps and Secrets - Resource requests, limits and autoscaling - Pod lifecycle, init containers, probes |
| Troubleshooting | 30% | - Pod and application failures - Cluster component health checks - Log collection and analysis - Worker node issues and recovery - Network connectivity and DNS resolution problems - Control plane component failures |
| Cluster Architecture, Installation & Configuration | 25% | - Prepare infrastructure for cluster installation - Create and manage clusters with kubeadm - Manage cluster lifecycle and upgrades - Work with CRDs and Operators - Install components via Helm / Kustomize - Understand CNI, CSI, CRI interfaces - Manage RBAC - Implement high availability control plane |
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NEW QUESTION # 57
Your company has a Kubernetes cluster with a production namespace (prod) where only authorized engineers can access sensitive dat a. You need to implement an RBAC policy that allows only engineers with a specific label ("role: engineer") to read data from a specific secret named "secret-sensitive" in the "prod" namespace. Describe how you would configure RBAC to achieve this.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
Step 1: Define a Role that allows reading the specific secret:
Step 2: Create a RoleBinding to associate the Role with users labeled as "role: engineer":
Step 3: Ensure users have the necessary labels: - Users or service accounts must be assigned the label "role: engineer" to access the secret. - The Role restricts access to the "secret-sensitive" in the "prod" namespace to only "get" requests. - The RoleBinding associates the Role with users who have the label "role: engineer". - This ensures that only authorized engineers can read data from the "secret-sensitive" secret. ,
NEW QUESTION # 58
Create a Kubernetes secret as follows:
* Name: super-secret
* password: bob
Create a pod named pod-secrets-via-file, using the redis Image, which mounts a secret named super-secret at
/secrets.
Create a second pod named pod-secrets-via-env, using the redis Image, which exports password as CONFIDENTIAL.
Answer:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION # 59
Score: 4%
Task
Create a pod named kucc8 with a single app container for each of the following images running inside (there may be between 1 and 4 images specified): nginx + redis + memcached .
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below.
Explanation
Solution:
kubectl run kucc8 --image=nginx --dry-run -o yaml > kucc8.yaml
# vi kucc8.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
creationTimestamp: null
name: kucc8
spec:
containers:
- image: nginx
name: nginx
- image: redis
name: redis
- image: memcached
name: memcached
- image: consul
name: consul
#
kubectl create -f kucc8.yaml
#12.07
NEW QUESTION # 60
You are running a critical application on Kubernetes that requires high availability. To ensure the application stays operational even if one or more nodes experience failures, you decide to implement a pod anti-affinity rule. Explain how you can configure an anti-affinity rule to prevent pods from being scheduled on the same node.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1 . Define the Anti-Affinity Rule: Add an 'affinity' section to the 'spec.template.spec' of your Deployment or StatefulSet. Within , define a podAntiAffinity' section, specifying that pods with the same label should not be placed on the same node.
2. Use 'requiredDuringSchedulinglgnoredDuringExecution': The 'requiredDuringSchedulinglgnoredDuringExecutioru section ensures that the rule is enforced during pod scheduling. Once a pod is scheduled, the rule is ignored. This ensures that even if a node fails, the remaining pods are not affected. 3. Set 'topologyKey': The 'topologyKey' is set to 'kubernetes.io/hostname'. This tells Kubernetes to consider the node's hostname for pod placement. It will prevent pods with the label 'app: my-critical-app' from being scheduled on the same node. 4. Verify the Deployment: Apply the YAML file to your cluster using 'kubectl apply -f my-critical-app.yaml'. You can then check the status of your Deployment using 'kubectl get pods -l app=my-critical-app' to verify that the pods are distributed across different nodes.
NEW QUESTION # 61
Given a partially-functioning Kubernetes cluster, identify symptoms of failure on the cluster.
Determine the node, the failing service, and take actions to bring up the failed service and restore the health of the cluster. Ensure that any changes are made permanently.
You can ssh to the relevant I nodes (bk8s-master-0 or bk8s-node-0) using:
[student@node-1] $ ssh <nodename>
You can assume elevated privileges on any node in the cluster with the following command:
[student@nodename] $ | sudo -i
Answer:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION # 62
......
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