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NEW QUESTION # 215
A company runs a web application on a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances that are in an Auto Scaling group. The EC2 instances are in the same VPC subnet as other workloads.
A security engineer deploys an Amazon GuardDuty detector in the same AWS Region as the EC2 instances and integrates GuardDuty with AWS Security Hub.
The security engineer needs to implement an automated solution to detect and appropriately respond to anomalous traffic patterns for the web application. The solution must comply with AWS best practices for initial response to security incidents and must minimize disruption to the web application.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
Answer: B
Explanation:
AWS incident response best practices emphasize rapid containment with minimal blast radius.
According to the AWS Certified Security - Specialty Official Study Guide, isolating a compromised resource while allowing the application to continue running is the preferred initial response.
By using Amazon EventBridge to detect GuardDuty findings related to anomalous traffic and invoking a Lambda function, the security engineer can automatically remove the affected EC2 instance from the Auto Scaling group and attach a restricted security group. This immediately isolates the instance while allowing Auto Scaling to launch a replacement instance, ensuring application availability.
NEW QUESTION # 216
A company needs to identify the root cause of security findings and investigate IAM roles involved in those findings. The company has enabled VPC Flow Logs, Amazon GuardDuty, and AWS CloudTrail.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Amazon Detective is specifically designed to help security teams investigate and visualize the root cause of security findings. According to AWS Certified Security - Specialty documentation, Detective automatically aggregates and correlates data from GuardDuty, CloudTrail, and VPC Flow Logs to provide interactive visualizations and timelines.
Detective enables investigators to pivot from GuardDuty findings to IAM roles, API calls, network traffic, and resource behavior. This makes it the most efficient tool for understanding how IAM roles were used during suspicious activity.
Amazon Inspector focuses on vulnerability assessment, not behavioral investigation. Security Hub aggregates findings but does not provide deep investigation graphs. Manual analysis with Athena requires significantly more effort.
AWS guidance explicitly recommends Amazon Detective for root cause analysis and visualization of security incidents.
Referenced AWS Specialty Documents:
AWS Certified Security - Specialty Official Study Guide
Amazon Detective Investigation Capabilities
AWS Threat Detection and Analysis
NEW QUESTION # 217
A company's security engineer is designing an isolation procedure for Amazon EC2 instances as part of an incident response plan. The security engineer needs to isolate a target instance to block any traffic to and from the target instance, except for traffic from the company's forensics team. Each of the company's EC2 instances has its own dedicated security group. The EC2 instances are deployed in subnets of a VPC. A subnet can contain multiple instances.
The security engineer is testing the procedure for EC2 isolation and opens an SSH session to the target instance. The procedure starts to simulate access to the target instance by an attacker.
The security engineer removes the existing security group rules and adds security group rules to give the forensics team access to the target instance on port 22.
After these changes, the security engineer notices that the SSH connection is still active and usable. When the security engineer runs a ping command to the public IP address of the target instance, the ping command is blocked.
What should the security engineer do to isolate the target instance?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Amazon EC2 security groups are stateful, meaning that once a connection is established, return traffic is automatically allowed, even if the inbound rule that originally permitted the connection is later removed. According to the AWS Certified Security - Specialty Official Study Guide and Amazon EC2 security documentation, existing connections are not terminated when security group rules change. This explains why the SSH session remains active even after the security group rules were modified, while new traffic such as ICMP ping is blocked.
To immediately and fully isolate an EC2 instance during an incident response scenario, AWS recommends using stateless network controls. Amazon VPC network ACLs (NACLs) are stateless, which means that every packet is evaluated against the ACL rules regardless of whether the traffic is part of an existing connection. When a deny rule is added, all traffic is immediately blocked, including active sessions.
By creating a network ACL and associating it with the subnet that contains the target instance, and by adding explicit deny rules with the lowest rule numbers for both inbound and outbound traffic, the security engineer ensures that all network communication to and from the instance is immediately interrupted. This approach satisfies the requirement to isolate the instance while preserving its runtime state and memory for forensic analysis.
Other options fail to meet the requirement because security group modifications do not terminate existing sessions, Systems Manager does not enforce network isolation, and host-level firewall changes require instance-level access and do not provide immediate, network-enforced isolation.
NEW QUESTION # 218
A company has security requirements for Amazon Aurora MySQL databases regarding encryption, deletion protection, public access, and audit logging. The company needs continuous monitoring and real-time visibility into compliance status. Which solution will meet these requirements?
Answer: D
Explanation:
AWS Config is the AWS service designed to continuously evaluate resource configurations against defined rules. According to the AWS Certified Security - Specialty Study Guide, AWS Config managed rules exist specifically to check database encryption, public accessibility, deletion protection, and log exports for Amazon RDS and Aurora.
AWS Config provides a real-time compliance timeline and displays the compliance state of each resource against each rule at any point in time. This granular visibility is required to assess ongoing compliance with security policies.
Audit Manager generates reports but does not provide continuous compliance monitoring.
Security Hub aggregates findings but does not track configuration drift. EventBridge and Lambda introduce unnecessary complexity.
NEW QUESTION # 219
A company operates a web application that runs on Amazon EC2 instances. The application listens on port 80 and port 443. The company uses an Application Load Balancer (ALB) with AWS WAF to terminate SSL and to forward traffic to the application instances only on port 80.
The ALB is in public subnets that are associated with a network ACL named NACL1. The application instances are in dedicated private subnets that are associated with a network ACL named NACL2. An Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL DB instance that uses port 5432 is in a dedicated private subnet that is associated with a network ACL named NACL3. All the network ACLs currently allow all inbound and outbound traffic.
Which set of network ACL changes will increase the security of the application while ensuring functionality?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Network ACLs are stateless subnet-level controls, so both request traffic and return traffic must be explicitly allowed. The PostgreSQL database subnet should allow inbound TCP 5432 only from the application subnet CIDR blocks, not from the internet or unrelated subnets. Because return traffic from the database uses ephemeral destination ports on the client side, the outbound rule from the database subnet must allow TCP 1024-65536 back to the application instance subnets. Option A is invalid because network ACL rules use CIDR blocks, not other NACL names as sources or destinations. Options C and D modify only the application subnet NACL and fail to correctly restrict and allow database subnet return traffic.
NEW QUESTION # 220
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