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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Services and Networking | 20% | - Understand and apply NetworkPolicies - Use Ingress rules - Expose applications via Services - Troubleshoot network access |
| Application Design and Build | 20% | - Understand multi-container Pod design patterns - Choose and use appropriate workload resources - Define, build and modify container images - Utilize persistent and ephemeral volumes |
| Application Environment, Configuration and Security | 25% | - Configure resource requirements, limits and quotas - Create and consume Secrets - Use ServiceAccounts - Understand authentication, authorization and admission control - Use custom resources and extensions - Work with ConfigMaps - Apply application security settings |
| Application Observability and Maintenance | 15% | - Implement probes and health checks - Monitor applications using CLI tools - Debug applications in Kubernetes - Work with container logs - Understand API deprecations |
| Application Deployment | 20% | - Implement deployment strategies - Manage Deployments, rolling updates and rollbacks - Use Helm package manager - Work with Kustomize |
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NEW QUESTION # 81 
Context
Your application's namespace requires a specific service account to be used.
Task
Update the app-a deployment in the production namespace to run as the restrictedservice service account. The service account has already been created.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below.
Explanation:
Solution:
NEW QUESTION # 82
You are running a web application with two replicas. You need to ensure that there is always at least one replica available while updating the application. You also need to have a maximum of two replicas during the update. How would you configure a rolling update strategy for your Deployment?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Llpdate the Deployment YAMLI
- Define 'strategy.type' to 'Rollingupdate' to trigger a rolling update when the deployment is updated.
- Update the 'replicas' to 2 to start with.
- Set 'maxi-Jnavailable' to to ensure at least one pod remains running during the update.
- Set 'maxSurge' to to allow for a maximum of two replicas during the update.
2. Create or Llpdate the Deployment - Apply the updated YAML file using 'kubectl apply -f my-app-deploymentyamr - If the deployment already exists, Kubernetes will update it with the new configuration- 3. Trigger the Update: - Update the image of your application to a newer version. - You can trigger the update by pushing a new image to your container registry. 4. Monitor the Update: - Use 'kubectl get pods -l app=my-apps to monitor the pod updates during the rolling update process. - Observe the pods being updated one at a time, ensuring that there's always at least one replica available. 5. Check for Successful Update: - Once the update is complete, use 'kubectl describe deployment my-app' to verify that the 'updatedReplicas' field matches the 'replicas field.
NEW QUESTION # 83
You are developing a service that uses a custom configuration file called 'service.properties'. You want to use ConfigMaps to store and manage this file in a secure and efficient manner. The 'service-properties' file contains sensitive information such as database credentials and API keys.
How would you create a ConfigMap that securely stores the 'service-properties' file, ensuring that the file is accessible only to the service's container?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Create a Secret for Sensitive Data:
- Create a Secret
- Encode the 'service-properties' file: bash echo "your-database-username=your-database-username" > service-properties echo "your-database-password=your-database-password" >> service-properties echo 'Your-api-key=your-api-key" >> service.properties base64 -w 0 service.properties - Replace with the output from the base64 command. 2. Create the ConfigMap for the File:
3. Apply the Secret and ConfigMap: bash kubectl apply -f service-secrets-yaml kubectl apply -f service-config.yaml 4. Update the Deployment to use the ConfigMap and Secret
5. Apply the updated Deployment: bash kubectl apply -f my-service-deployment-yaml 6. Access the File in the Container. - Mount the ConfigMap and Secret: - The ConfigMap mounts the 'service.properties' file as a placeholder. - The Secret mounts the actual 'service.properties' file securely. - Access the File: - The container should access the 'service.properties' file from '/var/secrets/service/service.properties' This approach uses a Secret to store sensitive data and a ConfigMap to mount the file securely within the container. The container will have access to the 'service-properties' file, but the actual data is stored in the Secret, ensuring its confidentiality'.
NEW QUESTION # 84
You have a Deployment named 'my-app-deployment' running a Flask application. You need to configure a rolling update strategy with a maximum of one pod unavailable at any time. You also want to trigger an automatic update whenever a new image is pushed to the Docker Hub repository. Additionally, you want to analyze the application logs during the update process to ensure everything is working smoothly. How would you achieve this?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Configure Deployment with Rolling Update:
- Update the 'my-app-deployment' Deployment configuration to include the following:
- 'replicas': Set to 2 to ensure a rolling update with a maximum of one unavailable pod.
- 'maxUnavailable: 1': This specifies that a maximum of one pod can be unavailable during the update.
- 'maxSurge: 0': This ensures no new pods are created beyond the desired replicas.
- 'imagePullPolicy: Always': This forces the pods to pull the latest image from the repository.
- 'strategy.type: RollingUpdate': Specifies the rolling update strategy.
2. Apply Deployment Configuration: - Apply the updated YAML file to your cluster: 'kubectl apply -f my-app-deployment.yamr 3. Analyze Application Logs: - To monitor the logs of your Flask application, utilize a tool like 'kubectl logs' or a dedicated logging service like Fluentd or ElasticSearch. - Example using 'kubectl logs' bash kubectl logs -f my-app-deployment-pod-name - During the rolling update, closely watch the logs for errors or warnings to ensure smooth transitions. 4. Trigger an Automatic Update: - Push a new image with updates to the 'my-app-image:latest' Docker Hub repository. 5. Monitor the Deployment: - Use 'kubectl get pods -l app=my-app' to monitor the pods during the rolling update. 6. Verify Deployment Status: - Check the status of the Deployment using 'kubectl describe deployment my-app-deployment' . The 'updatedReplicas' field should match the 'replicas' field, indicating a successful update.
NEW QUESTION # 85
You have a Deployment named 'mysql-deployment running a MySQL database container. The 'mysql-deployment' has 2 replicas and you want to implement a blue-green deployment strategy for updating the database. The following steps need to be implemented:
- Create a new Deployment called 'mysql-deployment-new' with the updated MySQL image.
- Ensure that both deployments (old and new) are running concurrently.
- Route traffic to the 'mysql-deployment-new' deployment.
- Remove the old deployment ('mysql-deployment) once the traffic is switched over.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Create a new Deployment with updated image:
- Create a new Deployment named 'mysql-deployment-new' with the updated MySQL image. You can either create a new YAML tile or use 'kubectl create deployment' command.
- Ensure that the new deployment has the same number ot replicas as the old deployment.
2. Apply the new Deployment: - Apply the new Deployment YAML using 'kubectl apply -f mysql-deployment-new.yamr 3. Check Deployment status: - IJse ' kubectl get deployments' to verity that both deployments are running. You should see both 'mysql-deployment' and 'mysql-deployment-new' . 4. Update Service to use the new deployment: - Update the Service that is associated with the MySQL database to point to the new Deployment
- Apply the updated Service YAML using 'kubectl apply -f mysql-service-yamr 5. Verify traffic routing: - Test the application or services that rely on the MySQL database to ensure that the traffic is now being routed to the 'mysql-deployment-new' 6. Delete old Deployment: - Once you have verified that the traffic is successfully routed to the new Deployment, you can delete the old Deployment 'mysql-deployment' using 'kubectl delete deployment mysql-deployment'.]
NEW QUESTION # 86
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