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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Incident and Event Management | 18% | - Operational response and recovery
|
| Topic 2: Monitoring and Logging | 15% | - Observability and metrics
|
| Topic 3: SDLC Automation | 22% | - CI/CD pipeline design and implementation
|
| Topic 4: Resilient Cloud Solutions | 15% | - High availability and fault tolerance design
|
| Topic 5: Configuration Management and Infrastructure as Code | 17% | - Infrastructure provisioning and automation
|
| Topic 6: Security and Compliance Automation | 13% | - Security automation in CI/CD and infrastructure
|
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NEW QUESTION # 46
A company is using an Amazon Aurora cluster as the data store for its application. The Aurora cluster is configured with a single DB instance. The application performs read and write operations on the database by using the cluster's instance endpoint.
The company has scheduled an update to be applied to the cluster during an upcoming maintenance window.
The cluster must remain available with the least possible interruption during the maintenance window.
What should a DevOps engineer do to meet these requirements?
Answer: B
Explanation:
To meet the requirements, the DevOps engineer should do the following:
* Turn on the Multi-AZ option on the Aurora cluster.
* Update the application to use the Aurora cluster endpoint for write operations.
* Update the Aurora cluster's reader endpoint for reads.
Turning on the Multi-AZ option will create a replica of the database in a different Availability Zone. This will ensure that the database remains available even if one of the Availability Zones is unavailable.
Updating the application to use the Aurora cluster endpoint for write operations will ensure that all writes are sent to both the primary and replica databases. This will ensure that the data is always consistent.
Updating the Aurora cluster's reader endpoint for reads will allow the application to read data from the replica database. This will improve the performance of the application during the maintenance window.
NEW QUESTION # 47
A company needs to ensure that flow logs remain configured for all existing and new VPCs in its AWS account. The company uses an AWS CloudFormation stack to manage its VPCs. The company needs a solution that will work for any VPCs that any IAM user creates.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
Answer: C
Explanation:
To meet the requirements of ensuring that flow logs remain configured for all existing and new VPCs in the AWS account, the company should use AWS Config and automatic remediation. AWS Config is a service that enables customers to assess, audit, and evaluate the configurations of their AWS resources. AWS Config continuously monitors and records the configuration changes of the AWS resources and evaluates them against desired configurations. Customers can use AWS Config rules to define the desired configuration state of their AWS resources and trigger actions when a resource configuration violates a rule.
One of the AWS Config rules that customers can use is vpc-flow-logs-enabled, which checks whether VPC flow logs are enabled for all VPCs in an AWS account. Customers can also configure automatic remediation for this rule, which means that AWS Config will automatically enable VPC flow logs for any VPCs that do not have them enabled. Customers can specify the destination (CloudWatch Logs or S3) and the traffic type (all, accept, or reject) for the flow logs as remediation parameters. By using AWS Config and automatic remediation, the company can ensure that flow logs remain configured for all existing and new VPCs in its AWS account, regardless of who creates them or how they are created.
The other options are not correct because they do not meet the requirements or follow best practices. Adding the resource to the CloudFormation stack that creates the VPCs is not a sufficient solution because it will only work for VPCs that are created by using the CloudFormation stack. It will not work for VPCs that are created by using other methods, such as the console or the API. Creating an organization in AWS Organizations and creating an SCP to prevent users from modifying VPC flow logs is not a good solution because it will not ensure that flow logs are enabled for all VPCs in the first place. It will only prevent users from disabling or changing flow logs after they are enabled. Creating an IAM policy to deny the use of API calls for VPC flow logs and attaching it to all IAM users is not a valid solution because it will prevent users from enabling or disabling flow logs at all. It will also not work for VPCs that are created by using other methods, such as the console or CloudFormation.
References:
* 1: AWS::EC2::FlowLog - AWS CloudFormation
* 2: Amazon VPC Flow Logs extends CloudFormation Support to custom format subscriptions, 1-minute aggregation intervals and tagging
* 3: Logging IP traffic using VPC Flow Logs - Amazon Virtual Private Cloud
* : About AWS Config - AWS Config
* : vpc-flow-logs-enabled - AWS Config
* : Remediate Noncompliant Resources with AWS Config Rules - AWS Config
NEW QUESTION # 48
A DevOps engineer is building a multistage pipeline with AWS CodePipeline to build, verify, stage, test, and deploy an application. A manual approval stage is required between the test stage and the deploy stage. The development team uses a custom chat tool with webhook support that requires near-real-time notifications.
How should the DevOps engineer configure status updates for pipeline activity and approval requests to post to the chat tool?
Answer: A
Explanation:
https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/knowledge-center/sns-lambda-webhooks-chime-slack-teams/
NEW QUESTION # 49
A company runs its container workloads in AWS App Runner. A DevOps engineer manages the company's container repository in Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR).
The DevOps engineer must implement a solution that continuously monitors the container repository. The solution must create a new container image when the solution detects an operating system vulnerability or language package vulnerability.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The solution that meets the requirements is to use EC2 Image Builder to create a container image pipeline, use Amazon ECR as the target repository, turn on enhanced scanning on the ECR repository, create an Amazon EventBridge rule to capture an Inspector2 finding event, and use the event to invoke the image pipeline. Re-upload the container to the repository.
This solution will continuously monitor the container repository for vulnerabilities using enhanced scanning, which is a feature of Amazon ECR that provides detailed information and guidance on how to fix security issues found in your container images. Enhanced scanning uses Inspector2, a security assessment service that integrates with Amazon ECR and generates findings for any vulnerabilities detected in your images. You can use Amazon EventBridge to create a rule that triggers an action when an Inspector2 finding event occurs. The action can be to invoke an EC2 Image Builder pipeline, which is a service that automates the creation of container images. The pipeline can use the latest patches and updates to build a new container image and upload it to the same ECR repository, replacing the vulnerable image.
The other options are not correct because they do not meet all the requirements or use services that are not relevant for the scenario.
Option B is not correct because it uses Amazon GuardDuty Malware Protection, which is a feature of GuardDuty that detects malicious activity and unauthorized behavior on your AWS accounts and resources. GuardDuty does not scan container images for vulnerabilities, nor does it integrate with Amazon ECR or EC2 Image Builder.
Option C is not correct because it uses basic scanning on the ECR repository, which only provides a summary of the vulnerabilities found in your container images. Basic scanning does not use Inspector2 or generate findings that can be captured by Amazon EventBridge. Moreover, basic scanning does not provide guidance on how to fix the vulnerabilities.
Option D is not correct because it uses AWS Systems Manager Compliance, which is a feature of Systems Manager that helps you monitor and manage the compliance status of your AWS resources based on AWS Config rules and AWS Security Hub standards. Systems Manager Compliance does not scan container images for vulnerabilities, nor does it integrate with Amazon ECR or EC2 Image Builder.
NEW QUESTION # 50
A company built its serverless infrastructure on AWS. The infrastructure consists of an Amazon API Gateway REST API, multiple AWS Lambda functions, and Amazon EventBridge.
The company wants to be aware of any new supply chain attacks that the company's CI/CD pipelines do not catch. The company needs a solution to detect malicious activity in the deployed application.
Which solution meets these requirements?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The question focuses on detecting supply chain attacks that bypass CI/CD controls and result in malicious runtime behavior in the deployed serverless application. This requires runtime threat detection, not just static scanning or infrastructure validation.
Amazon GuardDuty is AWS's managed threat detection service. GuardDuty now includes Lambda Protection, which analyzes Lambda function behavior, including network calls, IAM API usage, and other signals to detect compromised functions, crypto-mining, data exfiltration, and other malicious activity. GuardDuty automatically ingests CloudTrail, VPC Flow Logs (if enabled), and other telemetry without requiring code changes or agents. Findings are published and can be routed to Amazon EventBridge for near real-time notifications or automated remediation.
Option A (AWS WAF) only inspects HTTP requests to API Gateway and is focused on known bad patterns, not deeper behavioral anomalies. Option C (CloudFormation Guard) is focused on infrastructure-as-code validation in the pipeline, which explicitly does not help once malicious code is deployed. Option D (Network Firewall with Emerging Threats rules) protects VPC traffic, but serverless components like Lambda and API Gateway may not all traverse that firewall, and it is not targeted at function-level behavior.
Hence, enabling GuardDuty with Lambda Protection and using EventBridge notifications is the correct solution.
NEW QUESTION # 51
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