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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Fundamentals of Testing | 20% | - Why testing is necessary - What is testing? - Seven testing principles |
| Tool Support for Testing | 10% | - Test tools classification - Benefits and risks of test automation |
| Static Testing | 10% | - Static testing basics - Review process |
| Test Analysis and Design | 25% | - Test case design - Test techniques
|
| Managing the Test Activities | 20% | - Risk-based testing - Test planning and estimation - Test monitoring and control - Defect management |
| Testing Throughout the Software Development Lifecycle | 15% | - Test types - Software development models - Test levels |
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질문 # 111
Which of the following statements is not correct?
정답：D
설명：
* Looking for defects in a system does not require ignoring system details, but rather paying attention to them and understanding how they affect the system's quality, functionality, and usability. Ignoring system details could lead to missing important defects or testing irrelevant aspects of the system.
* Identifying defects may be perceived as criticism against product, especially by the developers or stakeholders who are invested in the product's success. However, identifying defects is not meant to be a personal attack, but rather a constructive feedback that helps to improve the product and ensure its alignment with the requirements and expectations of the users and clients.
* Looking for defects in system requires professional pessimism and curiosity, as testers need to anticipate and explore the possible ways that the system could fail, malfunction, or behave unexpectedly.
Professional pessimism means being skeptical and critical of the system's quality and reliability, while curiosity means being eager and interested in finding out the root causes and consequences of the defects.
* Testing is often seen as a destructive activity instead of constructive activity, as it involves finding and reporting the flaws and weaknesses of the system, rather than creating or enhancing it. However, testing is actually a constructive activity, as it contributes to the system's improvement, verification, validation, and optimization, and ultimately to the delivery of a high-quality product that meets the needs and expectations of the users and clients.
질문 # 112
Which ONE of the following roles is responsible for mediating, managing time, and generating a safe review environment in which everyone can speak freely?
정답：A
설명：
TheModerator(D) plays a key role informal reviewsby facilitating discussions, ensuring that reviews stay on track, and creating an open environment for feedback. TheManager (A)is responsible for overseeing the testing process but does not directly facilitate reviews. TheReviewer (B)is responsible for examining the work product, while theReview Leader (C)organizes reviews but does not necessarily mediate them.
Reference:ISTQB CTFL v4.0 Syllabus, Section 3.2.3 - Roles and Responsibilities in a Review
질문 # 113
The whole-team approach:
정답：A
설명：
This answer is correct because the whole-team approach is a way of working in agile projects where all team members share the responsibility for the quality of the product, and collaborate on delivering value to the customer. The whole-team approach involves testers, developers, business analysts, product owners, and other stakeholders in planning, designing, developing, testing, and delivering the product. The whole-team approach fosters communication, feedback, learning, and continuous improvement within the team. References: ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, ISTQB Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Section 3.1.1.1
질문 # 114
What type of testing measures its effectiveness by tracking which lines of code were executed by the tests?
정답：D
설명：
Structural testing is a type of testing that measures its effectiveness by tracking which lines of code were executed by the tests. Structural testing, also known as white-box testing or glass-box testing, is based on the internal structure, design, or implementation of the software. Structural testing aims to verify that the software meets the specified quality attributes, such as performance, security, reliability, or maintainability, by exercising the code paths, branches, statements, conditions, or data flows. Structural testing uses various coverage metrics, such as function coverage, line coverage, branch coverage, or statement coverage, to determine how much of the code has been tested and to identify any untested or unreachable parts of the code.
Structural testing can be applied at any level of testing, such as unit testing, integration testing, system testing, or acceptance testing, but it is more commonly used at lower levels, where the testers have access to the source code.
The other options are not correct because they are not types of testing that measure their effectiveness by tracking which lines of code were executed by the tests. Acceptance testing is a type of testing that verifies that the software meets the acceptance criteria and the user requirements. Acceptance testing is usually performed by the end-users or customers, who may not have access to the source code or the technical details of the software. Acceptance testing is more concerned with the functionality, usability, or suitability of the software, rather than its internal structure or implementation. Integration testing is a type of testing that verifies that the software components or subsystems work together as expected. Integration testing is usually performed by the developers or testers, who may use both structural and functional testing techniques to check the interfaces, interactions, or dependencies between the components or subsystems. Integration testing is more concerned with the integration logic, data flow, or communication of the software, rather than its individual lines of code. Exploratory testing is a type of testing that involves simultaneous learning, test design, and test execution. Exploratory testing is usually performed by the testers, who use their creativity, intuition, or experience to explore the software and discover any defects, risks, or opportunities for improvement. Exploratory testing is more concerned with the behavior, quality, or value of the software, rather than its internal structure or implementation. References = ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 syllabus, Chapter 4: Test Techniques, Section 4.3: Structural Testing Techniques, Pages51-54; Chapter 1: Fundamentals of Testing, Section 1.4: Testing Throughout the Software Development Lifecycle, Pages 11-13; Chapter 3: Static Testing, Section 3.4: Exploratory Testing, Pages 40-41.
질문 # 115
Which of the statements correctly describes when a whole team approach may NOT be suitable?
정답：C
설명：
The whole team approach involves collaboration among all team members, including testers, developers, and business representatives, to achieve quality goals. However, this approach may not be suitable in situations where a high level of test independence is required. Test independence is essential in cases where unbiased testing is critical, such as in regulated environments or where high- risk systems are involved. This is because team members might unintentionally influence each other's work, leading to potential bias in testing outcomes.
질문 # 116
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