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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Enterprise Firewall | - Routing and VPN
|
| Topic 2: SD-WAN | - Troubleshooting
|
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NEW QUESTION # 131
Refer to the exhibit.
Which two observations can you make about the web filter traffic captured using the flow tool? (Choose two.)
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
Analyze the " Send to Application Layer " Message:
The most critical line in the debug output is: id=65308 ... func=av_receive ... msg= " send to application layer
"
Meaning: This message indicates that the FortiGate kernel is handing the packet over to a user-space daemon (specifically the WAD/Proxy process, indicated by av_receive handlers) for deep inspection.
Implication: This behavior is the hallmark of Proxy-based inspection. In Flow-based inspection, the traffic is handled by the IPS engine (often within the kernel or via specific IPS handlers like ips_measure), and you would not typically see a " send to application layer " message for standard web filtering.
Evaluate Option B (Firewall Policy Mode):
Since the traffic is being sent to the application layer proxy, the Firewall Policy controlling this traffic (Policy ID 1, as seen in Allowed by Policy-1) must be configured with Inspection Mode = Proxy. If it were Flow- based, the traffic would stay in the flow path. Thus, Option B is correct.
Evaluate Option C (Web Filter Profile Mode):
In FortiOS, when a firewall policy is set to Proxy-based inspection, the security profiles (like Web Filter) applied to that policy also operate in Proxy-based inspection mode. The presence of the av_receive function confirms that the content inspection (Web Filter/AV) is being performed by the proxy engine. Thus, Option C is correct.
Why Option A is Incorrect (NPU Offload):
The output shows npu_state=0x100. In the context of a flow trace where traffic is being " sent to application layer, " this confirms the session is not fully offloaded to the NPU (Network Processor). Offloaded traffic (Fast Path) is handled by the hardware and would not generate these specific CPU-level debug logs for the payload inspection phase. The proxying process requires CPU intervention.
Why Option D is Incorrect (Port Mapping):
While valid protocol mapping is necessary for inspection, the specific debug output shown is a direct result of the Inspection Mode (Proxy vs. Flow). The observation of the traffic moving to the application layer is primarily caused by the policy and profile mode settings, making B and C the direct " observations " derived from the log data.
Reference:
FortiGate Troubleshooting (Debug Flow): " If the debug flow shows msg= ' send to application layer ' , it confirms the traffic is being handled by the proxy (WAD) for Proxy-based inspection. "
NEW QUESTION # 132
Exhibit.
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of a diagnose command.
What can you conclude about the debug output in this scenario?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The exhibit displays the output from the diagnose debug rating command on a FortiGate device. This command is used to display information about FortiGuard Web Filtering or other security-related queries performed by FortiGate to FortiGuard servers. Official Fortinet documentation outlines the meaning of each field in the server list. The FortiGate maintains a list of available FortiGuard servers, selecting the optimal server based on factors such as weight, round-trip time (RTT), and regional settings.
The very first entry in the server list after " Server List " is the server FortiGate initially uses, prioritized by factors such as proximity and RTT. Here, 64.26.151.37 is listed first, and the FortiGuard-requests value confirms that this server handled the highest number of requests.
The IPs, weights, and lost/failed counters are monitored for server performance and selection over time.
FortiGate ' s default operational logic is to try the first entry for contract validation and use the next in the list if the first is unavailable or has high latency or packet loss.
There is no direct correlation between the Weight and the number of FortiGuard-requests. The servers with higher or lower weights may still handle different request volumes based on availability and performance.
The TZ (time zone) value ' s sign (positive or negative) does not affect server preference; it is informational, showing the server ' s location relative to UTC, not a rating metric.
DNS query results for FortiGuard servers are not shown here, and the provided servers are not returned in DNS query order.
This command and interpretation are detailed in the FortiOS Administration Guide's section describing FortiGuard server selection and contract validation processes.
References:
FortiOS Administration Guide: FortiGuard Service Connectivity and Debugging Official Technical Notes on diagnose debug rating output structure
NEW QUESTION # 133
Consider the scenario where the server name indication (SNI) does not match either the common name (CN) or any of the subject alternative names (SAN) in the server certificate. Which two actions will FortiGate take when using the default settings for SSL certificate inspection? (Choose two answers)
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
The correct answers are C and D .
The study guide states: "SSL certificate inspection relies on extracting the FQDN of the URL from either: TLS extension server name indication (SNI), SSL certificate common name (CN)." It also says:
"When using SSL certificate inspection, FortiGate is not decrypting the traffic. It is only inspecting the server digital certificates and the SNI field, which are interchanged before the encryption." This proves the second part of the answer:
* under SSL certificate inspection , FortiGate does not decrypt the traffic
* therefore, if the traffic is allowed , it still passes without decryption That makes D correct.
For the SNI mismatch behavior, the FortiOS administration guide describes the default Server certificate SNI check behavior as:
"Enable: If it is mismatched use the CN in the server certificate for URL" So if the SNI does not match the CN or any SAN, FortiGate falls back to using the CN from the Subject field for URL handling under the default setting. That makes C correct.
Why the other options are wrong:
* A is wrong because with the default SNI-check behavior, when the SNI mismatches the certificate identity, FortiGate does not continue using the mismatched SNI . Instead, it uses the CN in the server certificate for the URL .
* B is not the best answer in this single pair selection . While certificate inspection does not decrypt traffic, the key default behavior the documents explicitly highlight for this mismatch case is:
* use the CN when SNI mismatches , and
* certificate inspection does not decrypt allowed HTTPS traffic .
So the verified answers are: C, D .
NEW QUESTION # 134
Refer to the exhibit.
The partial output of diagnose sys session stat command is shown.
Which statement about the output shown in the exhibit is correct?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The correct answer is C .
The exhibit shows:
* 562 in ESTABLISHED state
* 27 in CLOSE state
* memory_tension_drop=0
* ephemeral=0/131072
According to the study guide, for TCP sessions: "The protocol state in the session table is a two-digit number. For TCP, the first number (from left to right) is related to the server-side state and is 0 when the session is not subject to any inspection (flow or proxy)... The second digit is the client-side state." The same page also shows that value 1 = ESTABLISHED So, if a TCP session is in ESTABLISHED state and there is no inspection , its proto_state is 01 :
* first digit 0 = no inspection
* second digit 1 = ESTABLISHED
That makes C correct. This is also consistent with FortiOS examples showing established TCP sessions with proto=6 proto_state=01 Why the other options are wrong:
* A is wrong because the field that indicates sessions dropped due to low free memory is memory_tension_drop, and in the exhibit it is 0 , not 113. The study guide states: "If there is a lack of free memory, the kernel deletes the oldest sessions. The command shown on this slide displays the number of sessions the kernel deleted because of this mechanism." So 113 is the clash value, not memory-tension drops.
* B is wrong because ephemeral=0/131072 does not mean 131072 ephemeral sessions were recorded.
The study guide explains that FortiGate "sets a hard limit on the maximum number of ephemeral sessions that can exist at the same time in the session table." Therefore:
* 0 = current ephemeral sessions
* 131072 = maximum allowed ephemeral sessions for that model/context
* D is wrong because the study guide says the temporary retention for possible out-of-order packets happens in state value 5 (TIME_WAIT) : "When a session is closed by both the sender and receiver, FortiGate keeps that session in the session table for a few seconds, to allow for any out- of-order packets that might arrive after the FIN/ACK packet. This is the state value 5." But the exhibit shows 27 in CLOSE state , and the same table shows CLOSE = 6 , not TIME_WAIT So the verified answer is C .
NEW QUESTION # 135
Refer to the exhibit, which shows a partial output from the get router info routing-table database command.
The administrator wants to configure a default static route for port3 and assign a distance of 50 and a priority of 0.
What will happen to the port1 and port2 default static routes after the port3 default static route is created?
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 136
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