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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Understand the use of specifications in procurement and supply | |
| Understand market management in procurement and supply | - Compare the competitive forces that influence markets
|
| Understand how to develop a business case for requirements to be sourced from external suppliers | - Analyse how market factors affect procurement |
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NEW QUESTION # 73
A consulting firm in London had previously had static budgets. They were set once and locked in for the year. This resulted in departments meeting their budgets early and doing virtually nothing the rest of the accounting period. To address this imbalance, the company tossed out the static budget and developed a new one for each department of the next 18 months. And each month, real sales figures are analyzed against the plan and the budget is adjusted accordingly. Then the company adds another month into the budgeting plan. What type of budget this company is using?
Answer: C
Explanation:
A rolling budget is continually updated to add a new budget period as the most recent budget period is completed. Thus, the rolling budget involves the incremental extension of the existing budget model. By doing so, a business always has a budget that extends one year into the future.
Think of continuous (rolling) budgets as waves rolling ashore on the beach. A new wave comes in each time, replacing the one that was there before. From a financial perspective, the wave is your budget, and the time between waves is longer! These reporting time frames can be monthly, quar-terly, yearly, etc.
An incremental budget is a budget prepared using a previous period's budget or actual performance as a basis with incremental amounts added for the new budget period.
Zero-based budgeting (ZBB) is a method of budgeting in which all expenses must be justified for each new period. The process of zero-based budgeting starts from a "zero base," and every function within an organization is analyzed for its needs and costs. Budgets are then built around what is needed for the upcoming period, regardless of whether each budget is higher or lower than the previous one.
Activity-based budgeting (ABB) is a system that records, researches, and analyzes activities that lead to costs for a company. Every activity in an organization that incurs a cost is scrutinized for potential ways to create efficiencies. Budgets are then developed based on these results.
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.4
NEW QUESTION # 74
Why is the specification considered as the most important document in procurement?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Specification is the most important document in procurement because it sets out the quality which supplier must provide. If there is no spec or the spec lacks clarity and details, supplier's perfor-mance may vary and possibly lower than actual requirements. This puts the buyer at risks. On the other hand, if the spec is clear and detailed, the supplier is liable to provide 'fit for purpose' products or perform the service at required level of quality. This will ensure that the buyer achieve 'Right Quality'.
NEW QUESTION # 75
Which of the following provides in-depth detail for both functional and non-functional require-ments and covers assumptions, constraints, performance, dimensions, weights and reliability of a product?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Design specification is a detailed document providing a list of points regarding a product or pro-cess. For example, the design specification could include required dimensions, environmental fac-tors, ergonomic factors, aesthetic factors, maintenance that will be needed, etc. It may also give specific examples of how the design should be executed, helping others work properly (a guideline for what the person should do).
Performance specification is written requirement that describes the functional performance criteria required for a particular equipment, material, or product.
Tolerance is the permissable limit of a variable used to define a product Statement of work is the document that captures and defines all aspects of a project, including the activities, deliverables and the timetable for the project.
Reference:
LO 3, AC 3.1
NEW QUESTION # 76
Which of the following is the structured approach for defining customer requirements and translating them into technical specification?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Quality function deployment (QFD) is a method to transform qualitative user demands into quantitative parameters, to deploy the functions forming quality, and to deploy methods for achieving the design quality into subsystems and component parts, and ultimately to specific elements of the manufacturing process.
Kano model of excitement and basic quality (Kano et al, 1984; Berger et al, 1993; Matzler et al, 1996) brings a different perspective for the analysis of improvement opportunities in products and services because it takes in consideration the asymmetrical and non-linear relationship between performance and satisfaction. The Kano model classifies customers requirements in five categories: basic requirements, performance requirements, attractive requirements, indifferent requirements and reverse requirements.
Mendelow's Matrix is a tool that may be used by an organisation to consider the attitude of their stakeholders at the start of a project or when they are setting out strategic objectives.
The Thomas Kilmann model identifies two dimensions when choosing a course of action in a con-flict situation, these are assertiveness and cooperativeness. Assertiveness is the degree to which you try to satisfy your own needs. Cooperativeness is the degree to which you try to satisfy the other person's concerns.
Reference: CIPS study guide page 32
LO 1, AC 1.2
NEW QUESTION # 77
Halfords is a major bicycle and car parts retailer with long history in the market. Its suppliers are plentiful and there is no threat of forward integration. Some other smaller retailers are applying 3D-printing technology to make personalized bicycle parts but their market share is relatively low. 3D-printing technology is an example of which competitive force?
Answer: C
Explanation:
3D-printed parts can replace traditional metal parts. They are also more easily customised to fit customer's needs. This technology is an example of threat of substitute in Porter's Five Forces model.
Substitute goods or services that can be used in place of a company's products or services pose a threat.
Companies that produce goods or services for which there are no close substitutes will have more power to increase prices and lock in favorable terms. When close substitutes are available, customers will have the option to forgo buying a company's product, and a company's power can be weakened.
NEW QUESTION # 78
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