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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: OSPF | - Neighbor relationships, route calculation - Configuration, monitoring and troubleshooting - OSPFv2/v3 concepts, areas, LSA types |
| Topic 2: Spanning Tree Protocol | - Root bridge, port roles and states - STP, RSTP, MSTP concepts and operation - Configuration, monitoring and troubleshooting |
| Topic 3: High Availability | - Graceful restart, nonstop active routing - Configuration, monitoring and troubleshooting - Virtual Chassis, redundant routing engines |
| Topic 4: Protocol Independent Routing | - Static routes, aggregate routes - Routing tables, routing preferences - Configuration, monitoring and troubleshooting - Routing policy and firewall filters |
| Topic 5: Tunnels | - IP-IP, GRE, IPsec tunnels - Configuration, monitoring and troubleshooting |
| Topic 6: BGP | - Configuration, monitoring and troubleshooting - BGP concepts, attributes, path selection - IBGP, EBGP, route policies |
| Topic 7: IS-IS | - IS-IS concepts, levels, routing information - Configuration, monitoring and troubleshooting |
| Topic 8: Layer 2 Switching and VLANs | - Inter-VLAN routing - VLAN concepts, tagging, ports, native VLAN - Configuration, monitoring and troubleshooting - Layer 2 switching concepts and operation |
| Topic 9: Layer 2 Security | - Configuration, monitoring and troubleshooting - Layer 2 firewall filters - Port security, storm control, MAC limiting - Dynamic ARP inspection, DHCP snooping |
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NEW QUESTION # 37
You want to redistribute the static routes into BGP, but they do not show as BGP routes.
What causes this result to occur?
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 38
Referring to the exhibit, which three statements are correct? (Choose three.)
Answer: B,C,E
Explanation:
According to the Juniper documentation 1 , the output of the show vlans command displays the forwarding options for the VLAN, including the DHCP security features. In the exhibit, the output shows that DHCP security is enabled, and that ARP inspection and IP source guard are also enabled. These features work together to protect the switch from IP spoofing and ARP spoofing attacks. DHCP snooping builds a database of IP/MAC bindings by snooping DHCP messages. ARP inspection validates ARP packets against the DHCP snooping database and drops invalid packets. IP source guard checks the IP and MAC source addresses of packets against the DHCP snooping database and drops spoofed packets 2 3 . Therefore, the correct answer is A, B, and C.
The other options are not correct because:
* D. The DHCP snooping database is not protected by default. To protect the database from corruption or loss, you need to configure a file name and a location for storing the database, and enable periodic write operations to the file 4 . The exhibit does not show any such configuration.
* E. DHCP snooping is not enabled for IPv6 traffic by default. To enable DHCPv6 snooping, you need to configure a DHCPv6 relay agent and specify the trusted interfaces for DHCPv6 messages 5 . The exhibit does not show any such configuration.
References: show vlans | Junos OS , Understanding and Using DHCP Snooping | Junos OS , Understanding and Using Dynamic ARP Inspection (DAI) | Junos OS , Protecting the DHCP Snooping Database | Junos OS
, Understanding and Using DHCPv6 Snooping | Junos OS
NEW QUESTION # 39
Which statement correctly describes the purpose of an AS-path prepend action in a BGP export policy?
Answer: D
Explanation:
AS-path prepending is a traffic engineering technique used in a BGP export policy to artificially increase the length of the AS path attribute advertised to external peers. Since a shorter AS path is generally preferred during BGP best path selection, prepending makes a route appear less attractive to external autonomous systems, which can be used to influence inbound traffic engineering decisions.
NEW QUESTION # 40
Exhibit.
You want to enable redundancy for the EBGP peering between the two routers shown in the exhibit. Which three actions will you perform in this scenario? (Choose three.)
Answer: B,C,D
Explanation:
* A is correct because you need to configure BGP multihop to enable redundancy for the EBGP peering between the two routers. BGP multihop is a feature that allows BGP peers to establish a session over multiple hops, instead of requiring them to be directly connected 1 . By default, EBGP peers use a time- to-live (TTL) value of 1 for their packets, which means that they can only reach adjacent neighbors 1
. However, if you configure BGP multihop with a higher TTL value, you can allow EBGP peers to communicate over multiple routers in between 1 . This can provide redundancy in case of a link failure or a router failure between the EBGP peers.
* B is correct because you need to configure loopback interface peering to enable redundancy for the EBGP peering between the two routers. Loopback interface peering is a technique that uses loopback interfaces as the source and destination addresses for BGP sessions, instead of physical interfaces 2
. Loopback interfaces are virtual interfaces that are always up and reachable as long as the router is operational 2 . By using loopback interface peering, you can avoid the dependency on a single physical interface or link for the BGP session, and use multiple paths to reach the loopback address of the peer 2
. This can provide redundancy and load balancing for the EBGP peering.
* C is correct because you need to configure routes for the peer loopback interface IP addresses to enable redundancy for the EBGP peering between the two routers. Routes for the peer loopback interface IP addresses are necessary to ensure that the routers can reach each other's loopback addresses over multiple hops 2 . You can use static routes or dynamic routing protocols to advertise and learn the routes for the peer loopback interface IP addresses 2 . Without these routes, the routers will not be able to establish or maintain the BGP session using their loopback interfaces.
NEW QUESTION # 41
Exhibit
You have configured a GRE tunnel. To reduce the risk of dropping traffic, you have configured a keepalive OAM probe to monitor the state of the tunnel; however, traffic drops are still occurring.
Referring to the exhibit, what is the problem?
Answer: D
Explanation:
A keepalive OAM probe is a mechanism that can be used to monitor the state of a GRE tunnel and detect any failures in the tunnel path. A keepalive OAM probe consists of sending periodic packets from one end of the tunnel to the other and expecting a reply. If no reply is received within a specified time, the tunnel is considered down and the line protocol of the tunnel interface is changed to down 1 .
To configure a keepalive OAM probe for a GRE tunnel, you need to specify two parameters: the keepalive- time and the hold-time. The keepalive-time is the interval between each keepalive packet sent by the local router. The hold-time is the maximum time that the local router waits for a reply from the remote router before declaring the tunnel down 2 .
According to the Juniper Networks documentation, the hold-time value must be two times the keepalive-time value for a GRE tunnel 2 . This is because the hold-time value must account for both the round-trip time of the keepalive packet and the processing time of the remote router. If the hold-time value is too small, it may cause false positives and unnecessary tunnel flaps.
In the exhibit, the configuration shows that the keepalive-time is set to 10 seconds and the hold-time is set to
15 seconds for the gr-1/1/10.1 interface. This means that the local router will send a keepalive packet every 10 seconds and will wait for 15 seconds for a reply from the remote router. However, this hold-time value is not two times the keepalive-time value, which violates the recommended configuration. This may cause traffic drops if the remote router takes longer than 15 seconds to reply.
Therefore, option D is correct, because the hold-time value must be two times the keepalive-time value for a GRE tunnel. Option A is incorrect, because BFD is not required for GRE tunnels; BFD is another protocol that can be used to monitor tunnels, but it is not compatible with GRE keepalives 3 . Option B is incorrect, because the "event link-adjacency-loss" option is not related to GRE tunnels; it is an option that can be used to trigger an action when a link goes down 4 . Option C is incorrect, because LLDP does not need to be removed from the gr-1/1/10.1 interface; LLDP is a protocol that can be used to discover neighboring devices and their capabilities, but it does not interfere with GRE tunnels 5 .
References:
1 : Configuring Keepalive Time and Hold time for a GRE Tunnel Interface 2 : keepalive | Junos OS | Juniper Networks 3 : Configuring Bidirectional Forwarding Detection 4 : event link-adjacency-loss | Junos OS | Juniper Networks 5 : Understanding Link Layer Discovery Protocol
NEW QUESTION # 42
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