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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: VPNs | - Troubleshoot IPsec IKE version 1 and 2 |
| Topic 2: FortiAnalyzer | - Troubleshoot device and communication issues - Troubleshoot logs and reports |
| Topic 3: FortiManager | - Troubleshoot device-level and ADOM-level issues - Troubleshoot FortiManager HA - Troubleshoot policy and object management |
| Topic 4: Authentication | - Troubleshoot local and remote authentication - Troubleshoot Fortinet Single Sign-On (FSSO) |
| Topic 5: Security Profiles | - Troubleshoot the intrusion prevention system (IPS) - Troubleshoot FortiGuard issues - Troubleshoot web filtering issues |
| Topic 6: System Troubleshooting | - Troubleshoot HA - Troubleshoot automation stitches - Troubleshoot connectivity problems using built-in tools - Troubleshoot Security Fabric and FortiOS connectivity - Troubleshoot resource problems using built-in tools |
| Topic 7: Routing | - Troubleshoot routing packets using static routes, policy routes, and OSPF |
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NEW QUESTION # 20
Refer to the exhibit.
Which two observations can you make about the web filter traffic captured using the flow tool? (Choose two.)
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
Analyze the " Send to Application Layer " Message:
The most critical line in the debug output is: id=65308 ... func=av_receive ... msg= " send to application layer
"
Meaning: This message indicates that the FortiGate kernel is handing the packet over to a user-space daemon (specifically the WAD/Proxy process, indicated by av_receive handlers) for deep inspection.
Implication: This behavior is the hallmark of Proxy-based inspection. In Flow-based inspection, the traffic is handled by the IPS engine (often within the kernel or via specific IPS handlers like ips_measure), and you would not typically see a " send to application layer " message for standard web filtering.
Evaluate Option B (Firewall Policy Mode):
Since the traffic is being sent to the application layer proxy, the Firewall Policy controlling this traffic (Policy ID 1, as seen in Allowed by Policy-1) must be configured with Inspection Mode = Proxy. If it were Flow- based, the traffic would stay in the flow path. Thus, Option B is correct.
Evaluate Option C (Web Filter Profile Mode):
In FortiOS, when a firewall policy is set to Proxy-based inspection, the security profiles (like Web Filter) applied to that policy also operate in Proxy-based inspection mode. The presence of the av_receive function confirms that the content inspection (Web Filter/AV) is being performed by the proxy engine. Thus, Option C is correct.
Why Option A is Incorrect (NPU Offload):
The output shows npu_state=0x100. In the context of a flow trace where traffic is being " sent to application layer, " this confirms the session is not fully offloaded to the NPU (Network Processor). Offloaded traffic (Fast Path) is handled by the hardware and would not generate these specific CPU-level debug logs for the payload inspection phase. The proxying process requires CPU intervention.
Why Option D is Incorrect (Port Mapping):
While valid protocol mapping is necessary for inspection, the specific debug output shown is a direct result of the Inspection Mode (Proxy vs. Flow). The observation of the traffic moving to the application layer is primarily caused by the policy and profile mode settings, making B and C the direct " observations " derived from the log data.
Reference:
FortiGate Troubleshooting (Debug Flow): " If the debug flow shows msg= ' send to application layer ' , it confirms the traffic is being handled by the proxy (WAD) for Proxy-based inspection. "
NEW QUESTION # 21
What are two reasons you might see iprope_in_check() check failed, drop when using the debug flow?
(Choose two.)
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
The Network Security Support Engineer 7.6 Study Guide explicitly explains this debug message:
"iprope_in_check() check failed, drop" means the packet is destined to a FortiGate IP address and one of these conditions applies:
* The service is not enabled
* The service is using a different TCP port
* The source IP address is not included in the trusted host list
* The packet matches a local-in policy with action deny
That directly confirms C. Trusted host list misconfiguration .
Why D is the second valid choice:
The FortiOS administration guide explains that:
"IP pools and VIPs are considered local IP addresses if responding to ARP requests on these external IP addresses is enabled ... the FortiGate is considered a destination for those IP addresses ... once an IP pool or VIP has been configured ... the FortiGate considers it as a local address and will not forward traffic based on the routing table." Because iprope_in_check() is a local-in/local-destination type failure, a VIP or IP pool misconfiguration can cause traffic to be treated as destined for the FortiGate itself, which can then trigger this drop condition if the matching local service/local-in handling is not valid. So D is the closest supported second answer from the available choices.
Why the other options are wrong:
* A is wrong because policy route problems are not the documented meaning of this specific debug message. The study guide instead ties iprope_in_check() check failed, drop to management/local-in conditions.
* B is wrong because the study guide says traffic shaping drops appear as: "Denied by quota check"
NEW QUESTION # 22
Refer to the exhibit.
The exhibit shows a session entry. Which statement about this TCP session is true?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The correct answer is C. The session is offloaded using NPU.
The exact session example in the study guide shows:
proto=6 → this is a TCP session
expire=3599 → the session will expire in 3599 seconds, not in one second hook=post dir=org act=snat 10.9.31.117:45388->200.8.57.5:443(10.1.0.3:45388) hook=pre dir=reply act=dnat 200.8.57.5:443->10.1.0.3:45388(10.9.31.117:45388) npu info: ... offload=8/8 ...
and the slide explicitly states: "Offloaded in both directions using NP6" The study guide also explains this exact point clearly:
"Counters for hardware acceleration-The presence of the npu info field indicates the session has been offloaded to hardware acceleration. In this example, traffic is being offloaded in both directions using network processor (NP) 6, which is represented by the value of 8." Why the other options are wrong:
A is wrong because expire=3599, not 1. The duration=1 field means the session has existed for 1 second, not that it will expire in 1 second.
B is wrong because the original session is from 10.9.31.117 to the remote server 200.8.57.5:443. The IP 10.1.0.3 is the SNAT-translated source address, not the final destination.
D is not the best answer for this single-select question. The reply is indeed DNATed back toward the original client, but the exact validated takeaway highlighted by the study guide for this exhibit is the NPU offload state.
NEW QUESTION # 23
Refer to the exhibit.
Which two statements about the output are true, considering NGFW-1 and NGFW-2 have been up for a week? (Choose two.)
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
The correct answers are A and B .
The exhibit shows:
* override: disable
* both members are currently in-sync
* only port7 appears under HBDEV stats , so it is the active heartbeat interface
* the cluster is in HA A-P mode
Why A is correct:
With override disabled , after a failover the new primary keeps that role when the old primary comes back.
The FortiOS administration guide states:
"When the primary FortiGate rejoins the cluster the secondary FortiGate continues to operate as the primary FortiGate." So if FGVM...649 reboots and FGVM...650 becomes primary, FGVM...650 will remain primary after FGVM...649 rejoins.
Why B is correct:
The study guide states:
"When FortiGate devices configured in an HA cluster lose communication with each other on the heartbeat interface, each FortiGate assumes the role of the primary device." The exhibit shows only port7 as the heartbeat device in HBDEV stats So if port7 is disconnected and heartbeat communication is lost, the cluster can enter a split-brain condition, where both units believe they are primary. The FortiOS administration guide confirms the same behavior: loss of heartbeat communication causes each member to think it is the primary Why the other options are wrong:
* C is wrong because configuration synchronization status is specifically used to detect whether secondary members remain synchronized with the primary. If members are no longer synchronized, the status changes from in-sync to out-of-sync
* D is wrong because the study guide explains that during a configuration change, checksums may differ briefly while changes are copied, but it does not describe this as the secondary initiating a
"synchronization reset"
So the verified answers are: A, B .
NEW QUESTION # 24
Refer to the exhibit.
An administrator has configured a firewall policy to use proxy-based inspection mode. What could explain the messages observed in the debug flow output?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The correct answer is A .
The debug flow shows:
* traffic is going to TCP port 211
* FortiGate logs run helper-ftp(dir=original)
The study guide explains exactly what that message means:
"In this example, the run helper-ftp message indicates that the FTP session helper is being used." Under normal proxy-based inspection, protocol handling is controlled by Protocol Options . The FortiOS administration guide states:
"Protocol port mapping only works with proxy-based inspection." and "The ports can be modified to inspect any port with flowing traffic." So if the policy is configured for proxy-based inspection but the debug still shows the FTP session helper on port 211, the most likely explanation is that the FTP protocol mapping in Protocol Options is broad enough to match unexpectedly, such as being mapped to Any . That would cause FortiGate to identify the traffic as FTP and invoke the helper.
Why the other options are wrong:
* B is wrong because SSL deep inspection is unrelated to this debug. The traffic shown is plain TCP/211
, and the key message is about the FTP helper , not SSL decryption.
* C is wrong because if FTP had not been mapped to port 211, FortiGate would be less likely to treat this traffic as FTP. The observed run helper-ftp indicates FTP handling is being triggered.
* D is wrong because low-memory conserve behavior would typically cause inspection bypass or blocking behavior, not specifically the run helper-ftp message. The study guide's helper example ties this message to session-helper use, not memory shortage.
So the verified answer is: A .
NEW QUESTION # 25
......
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