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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Routing, Switching, and High Availability | - Static and dynamic routing fundamentals - HA cluster configuration and failover |
| Topic 2: Troubleshooting and Diagnostics | - Performance and connectivity troubleshooting - Traffic debugging tools and logs |
| Topic 3: Threat Protection and Security Services | - IPS, antivirus, and web filtering - Application control and security profiles |
| Topic 4: Network Security Fundamentals and FortiGate Architecture | - Security fabric concepts and integration - FortiGate system architecture and components |
| Topic 5: Firewall Policies and Traffic Management | - Policy configuration and rule processing - NAT and traffic inspection flow |
| Topic 6: VPN and Secure Connectivity | - SSL VPN deployment - IPsec VPN configuration and troubleshooting |
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NEW QUESTION # 105
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of get router info ospf neighbor.
What can you conclude from the command output?
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 106
While troubleshooting a FortiGate web filter issue, users report that they cannot access any websites, even though those sites are not explicitly blocked by any web filter profiles that are applied to firewall policies.
What are the three most likely reasons for this behavior? (Choose three answers)
Answer: A,B,E
Explanation:
The reported symptom-users unable to access any websites despite no explicit blocks in the profile-points to systemic connectivity or configuration issues rather than specific URL filtering rules.
* Option B (SSL/TLS Inspection): When Deep Inspection is enabled, the FortiGate acts as a Man-in- the-Middle (MitM) and re-signs server certificates using its own CA. If the clients (browsers) do not trust this CA (i.e., the certificate is not installed in their Trusted Root store), they will reject the connection with certificate errors, effectively preventing access to all HTTPS websites.
* Option D (DNS): Web browsing relies on DNS resolution. If the configured DNS server is unreachable or failing, the FortiGate (or the client) cannot resolve FQDNs to IP addresses.
Consequently, browsers will fail to load any page, resulting in a total loss of web access.
* Option E (License): If the FortiGuard Web Filtering license expires, the FortiGate can no longer query the FortiGuard Distribution Network (FDN) for ratings. By default, or if the allow-when-rating- error setting is disabled (a common security practice), the FortiGate will block all web traffic that it cannot rate, often displaying a "Web Filter Service Error" or invalid license page.
Option A is incorrect because clearing the cache only increases latency, it does not block traffic. Option C is incorrect because webfilter-force-off is typically used to disable the service (often allowing traffic to bypass checks if the service is down), rather than blocking it.
NEW QUESTION # 107
What is the correct order of the IKEv2 request-and-response protocol?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The Internet Key Exchange version 2 (IKEv2) protocol simplifies the negotiation process compared to IKEv1.
It is defined by a specific sequence of message exchanges to establish a secure IPsec tunnel.
The correct chronological order of the IKEv2 exchanges is:
* IKE_SA_INIT (Initial Exchange):
* This is the first exchange. It negotiates the security parameters for the IKE Security Association (IKE SA), sends nonces, and performs the Diffie-Hellman key exchange. At the end of this exchange, the communication is encrypted, but the peers are not yet authenticated.
* IKE_AUTH (Authentication Exchange):
* This is the second exchange. It authenticates the previous messages, exchanges identities and certificates (if used), and establishes the first Child SA (the actual IPsec Security Association used for data traffic).
* CREATE_CHILD_SA (Subsequent Exchanges):
* This exchange occurs after the IKE SA and the initial Child SA are established. It is used to create additional Child SAs (for different traffic selectors) or to perform re-keying for the IKE SA or existing Child SAs.
Why other options are incorrect:
* A & B: Incorrect because CREATE_CHILD_SA cannot happen before the SA is initialized (IKE_SA_INIT) and authenticated (IKE_AUTH).
* D: Incorrect because IKE_AUTH cannot occur before IKE_SA_INIT.
Therefore, the protocol flow is IKE_SA_INIT $\rightarrow$ IKE_AUTH $\rightarrow$ CREATE_CHILD_SA.
NEW QUESTION # 108
Refer to the exhibits,
which show the configuration on FortiGate and partial session information for internet traffic from a user on the internal network. If the priority on route ID 2 were changed from 10 to 0, what would happen to traffic matching that user session? (Choose one answer)
Answer: A
Explanation:
The correct answer is A. This behavior is dictated by the configuration command set snat-route-change enable shown in Exhibit 1 under config system global.
Routing Change: By changing the priority of route ID 2 from 10 to 0, it becomes lower than route ID 1 (priority 5). In FortiOS, a lower priority value indicates a more preferred route. Consequently, the active route for the destination changes from port1 to port2.
SNAT Implication: The existing session (shown in Exhibit 2) is using Source NAT (SNAT) with the IP address associated with port1 (10.200.1.1). If the traffic were simply switched to port2, the source IP would be incorrect for that interface and the return traffic would likely fail or be dropped.
snat-route-change enable: This specific setting instructs the FortiGate on how to handle established SNAT sessions when a routing change occurs that alters the preferred outgoing interface. When enabled, if a route change forces an SNAT session to a new interface, FortiGate flushes (deletes) the session from the session table. This is necessary because a live TCP session cannot survive a change in its source IP address. The client must initiate a new session, which will then be created using the new correct route (port2) and the corresponding new SNAT IP.
If this setting were disabled, the session would likely remain "sticky" to the original interface (port1) until it closed, provided the route still existed. However, the explicit configuration forces the deletion.
NEW QUESTION # 109
Refer to the exhibit.
The output of a BGO debug command is shown.
What is the most likely reason that the local FortiGate is not receiving any prefixes from its neighbors?
Answer: D
Explanation:
To identify the reason for the lack of prefixes, we must interpret the State/PfxRcd and Up/Down columns in the get router info bgp summary exhibit.
* Analyze Neighbor Status:
* Neighbor 10.125.0.60: State is OpenSent. This session is not established. It is stuck in the negotiation phase.
* Neighbor 100.64.3.1: State is Active. This session is not established. The router is actively trying to initiate a TCP connection.
* Neighbor 10.127.0.75:
* Up/Down: 02:45:55. This indicates the BGP session has been Up (Established) for almost
3 hours.
* State/PfxRcd: 0. This number represents the count of prefixes received. The session is fully established, but the neighbor has sent zero routes.
* Determine the Cause:
* Since the session with 10.127.0.75 is established, connectivity and handshakes (Options A, B, C) are not the issue for this neighbor.
* The fact that it is Up but sending 0 prefixes strongly implies that the neighbor is configured to filter out its routes before sending them to the local FortiGate.
* Option D correctly identifies this as a RIB-OUT (Routing Information Base - Outbound) configuration issue on the neighbor (Router 10.127.0.75), which prevents it from advertising its routes.
Reference:
FortiGate Security 7.6 Study Guide (BGP): "In the BGP summary, if the State/PfxRcd shows a number (e.
g., 0), the session is Established. A value of 0 means the peering is up, but no routes have been received, often due to route-map or prefix-list filtering on the remote peer."
NEW QUESTION # 110
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