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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Application Environment, Configuration and Security | 25% | - Discover and use resources that extend Kubernetes (CRD, Operators) - ServiceAccounts - Understanding and defining resource requirements, limits and quotas - SecurityContexts - Understand authentication, authorization and admission control - ConfigMaps and Secrets |
| Topic 2: Application Deployment | 20% | - Kustomize - Use Kubernetes primitives to implement common deployment strategies (e.g., blue/green or canary) - Understand Deployments and how to perform rolling updates - Use the Helm package manager to deploy existing packages |
| Topic 3: Services and Networking | 20% | - Demonstrate basic understanding of NetworkPolicies - Use Ingress rules to expose applications - Provide and troubleshoot access to applications via services |
| Topic 4: Application Design and Build | 20% | - Utilize persistent and ephemeral volumes - Understand multi-container Pod design patterns (e.g., sidecar, init and others) - Define, build and modify container images - Choose and use the right workload resource (Deployment, DaemonSet, CronJob, etc.) |
| Topic 5: Application Observability and Maintenance | 15% | - Utilize container logs - Implement probes and health checks - Use built-in CLI tools to monitor Kubernetes applications - Debugging in Kubernetes - Understand API deprecation policies |
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NEW QUESTION # 29 
Context
As a Kubernetes application developer you will often find yourself needing to update a running application.
Task
Please complete the following:
* Update the app deployment in the kdpd00202 namespace with a maxSurge of 5% and a maxUnavailable of
2%
* Perform a rolling update of the web1 deployment, changing the Ifccncf/ngmx image version to 1.13
* Roll back the app deployment to the previous version
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below.
Explanation
Solution:
NEW QUESTION # 30
You are creating a Deployment for a web application that uses a database for its data persistence. You want to scale the deployment horizontally, but you also want to ensure that each pod has access to the same database instance. Explain how you can use a ConfigMap to provide database connection details to each pod.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Create a ConfigMap:
- Create a ConfigMap that contains the necessary database connection details.
- This includes parameters like host, port, username, password, and database name.
- Example:
2. Mount the ConfigMap: - In your Deployment's 'spec-template-spec-containers' , mount the ConfigMap as a volume. - Example:
3. Access ConfigMap Values: - Within your application's code, use environment variables to access the values from the mounted ConfigMap. - For example, the environment variable 'DB HOST' would be set to the value "database-service" from the ConfigMap. 4. Deploy and Test: - Apply the ConfigMap and Deployment YAML files. - Test the application to confirm that each pod can connect to the same database using the connection details provided by the ConfigMap. 5. Scale the Deployment: - Scale the Deployment horizontally to increase the number of replicas. - Each new pod will automatically inherit the mounted ConfigMap and have access to the same database connection details.
NEW QUESTION # 31
You are building a microservice architecture for a new e-commerce application. This architecture consists of three microservices: 'product- service' , 'can-service' , and 'order-service'. Each microservice nas a dedicated database and utilizes a Redis cacne for performance optimization.
You are tasked with designing the 'product-service , which is responsible for managing product information (name, description, price, inventory).
Implement a multi-container Pod design for the product-service' that addresses the following requirements:
- The Pod must include a primary container running the 'product-service' application.
- The Pod must include a secondary container for Redis to cache frequently accessed product data.
- The Pod must use a shared volume to persist the Redis data across container restarts.
- The 'product-service' must connect to the local Redis instance in the Pod for optimized data retrieval.
- The product-service' should be configured to periodically update the Redis cache With the latest product data from the database.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Create the Deployment YAML:
- Define a Deployment with the name 'product-service'
- Set the replicas to ' 2' to provide redundancy and high availability.
- Specify the labels Sapp: product-service' for selecting the Pods in the Deployment.
- Create a 'template' section to define the Pod specification.
2. Create the Persistent Volume Claim (PVC): - Define a PVC with the name 'redis-pvc' - Specify the storage class and access mode. - Set the required storage size for Redis data.
3. Deploy the Resources: - Apply the Deployment and PVC using 'kubectl apply -f deployment.yamr and 'kubectl apply -f pvc.yamr. 4. Verify the Deployment: - Check the status of the Deployment using 'kubectl get deployments product-service' and ensure that two Pods are running. - Check the status of the PVC using 'kubectl get pvc redis-pve 5. Configure the 'product-service'- - Modify the 'product-service' application to use the Redis instance in the Pod as the cache backend. - Configure the -product-service' to periodically tetch data trom the database and update the Redis cache. 6. Test the Application: - Send requests to the 'product-service to retrieve product data. - Monitor the Redis cache to ensure that it's being used and updated as expected. Important Considerations: - Ensure that the 'product-service' application is properly configured to connect to the Redis instance within the same Pod. - Use a suitable Redis cache library or framework in the 'product-service for efficient caching. - Implement a proper caching strategy (e.g., TTL, cache eviction) to prevent stale data. - Monitor the Redis cache performance and resource usage to optimize the cache configuration.
NEW QUESTION # 32
You are building a container image for a Spring Boot application that connects to a MySQL database. The application requires specific environment variables, such as the database nostname, username, password, and port. How would you define these environment variables Within the Docker-file to ensure the application runs correctly in a Kubernetes cluster?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
1. Define Environment Variables in Docker-file:
- Utilize the 'ENV' instruction within your Dockerfile to set the necessary environment variables.
- These variables will be accessible to your Spring Boot application during runtime.
- Example:
dockerfile
2. Build the Docker Image: - Construct your Docker image using the Docker-file. - Run the following command: 'docker build -t your-image-name 3. Deploy to Kubernetes: - Create a Deployment or Pod in Kubernetes that utilizes your built image. - Ensure the pod's environment variables align with the ones defined in your Dockerfile. - Example (Deployment YAML):
4. Verify Application Functionality: - Access your deployed application in the Kubernetes cluster. - Verify that it connects successfully to the database and operates as expected.
NEW QUESTION # 33
You are building a microservices architecture for a web application. One of your services handles user authentication. To ensure the service remains available even if one of the pods fails, you need to implement a high-availability solution. Design a deployment strategy for the authentication service that utilizes Kubernetes features to achieve high availability and fault tolerance.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Deploy as a StatefuISet:
- Use a StatefuISet to deploy your authentication service. StatefuISets maintain persistent storage and unique identities for each pod, ensuring that data is preserved and the service can recover from failures without losing state.
2. I-Ise Persistent Volumes: - Provision persistent volumes for each pod in the StatefulSet to store sensitive data like user credentials or session information. This ensures that the data persists even if a pod iS restarted or replaced. 3. Configure a Service with Load Balancing: - Create a Service that uses a load balancer (like a Kubernetes Ingress or external load balancer) to distribute traffic across the replicas of your authentication service. This ensures that requests are evenly distributed, even if some pods are down.
4. Implement Health Checks: - Set up liveness and readiness probes for the authentication service. Liveness probes ensure that unhealthy pods are restarted, while readiness probes ensure that only nealtny pods receive traffic. 5. Enable TLS/SSL: - Secure your authentication service with TLS/SSL to protect sensitive user data during communication. You can use certificates issued by a certificate authority (CA) or self-signed certificates for development environments. 6. Consider a Distributed Cache: - For improved performance and scalability, consider using a distributed cache like Redis or Memcached to store frequently accessed data, such as user authentication tokens. This can reduce the load on the authentication service and improve user response times.
NEW QUESTION # 34
......
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