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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Enterprise Firewall | - System configuration
|
| SD-WAN | - Centralized management
|
>> NSE7_FSN_AR-7.6 Practice Exam Questions <<
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NEW QUESTION # 94
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the partial output of a diagnose command.
Which two conclusions can you draw from the output shown in the exhibit? (Choose two.)
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
The study guide identifies this exact output as an expectation session created by the FTP session helper:
"run helper-ftp" indicates the FTP helper is in use.
"FortiGate created an expectation session and opened the pinhole port for the expected return traffic" It also explains why this exists:
"Another important function of the session helper is to temporarily create an expected session (or pinhole) for the data channel connection that comes from the server."
"The session helper automatically creates the session and opens the door for the incoming connection."
"These incoming TCP sessions use random TCP port numbers."
That directly proves C is correct.
For A, the exhibit shows expire=23. The study guide explains the expire field as the length of time until the session expires if no matching traffic arrives, and the FortiOS guide states for expectation sessions:
"Expectation sessions usually have a timeout value of 30 seconds. If the communication from the server is not initiated within 30 seconds the expectation session times out and traffic will be denied." So with expire=23, FortiGate will allow that expected traffic only for the remaining 23 seconds; after that, it times out and the traffic is denied. That makes A correct.
Why the other options are wrong:
B is not supported. The study guide describes expectation sessions as being created by the session helper from the control-session negotiation, not as independent objects unaffected by the master session.
D is wrong as stated. Even though the output contains policy_id=25, the study guide explicitly says the incoming expected connection is allowed by the expected session itself, "even when no firewall policy allows it."
NEW QUESTION # 95
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of diagnose sys session stat.
Which statement about the output shown in the exhibit is correct?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The correct answer is D.
The exhibit shows:
session_count=591
clash=162
memory_tension_drop=0
TCP sessions:
166 in NONE state
1 in ESTABLISHED state
3 in SYN_SENT state
2 in TIME_WAIT state
The study guide explains the TCP protocol states and states explicitly:
"When a session is closed by both the sender and receiver, FortiGate keeps that session in the session table for a few seconds, to allow for any out-of-order packets that might arrive after the FIN/ACK packet. This is the state value 5." In diagnose sys session stat, the exhibit shows 2 in TIME_WAIT state. Since TIME_WAIT = state value 5, those are the sessions being kept briefly for possible out-of-order packets. That makes D correct.
Why the other options are wrong:
A is wrong because session_count=591 is the total number of sessions, while the TCP sessions shown add up to only 172 (166 + 1 + 3 + 2). So not all sessions in the table are TCP sessions.
B is wrong because the study guide says the number of sessions deleted because of low free memory is shown by memory_tension_drop, and in the exhibit it is 0, not 162.
C is wrong because the study guide defines ephemeral/open TCP sessions as those not fully established, but the exhibit does not say all 166 in NONE state are specifically "waiting to complete the three-way handshake." The clearest directly supported statement from the displayed states is the 2 TIME_WAIT sessions retained for out-of-order packets.
So the verified answer is: D.
NEW QUESTION # 96
Refer to the exhibits.
Exhibit - Interface configuration and FortiGate routing table
Video exhibit showing port2 preserve-session-route configuration and the FortiGate routing table with two default routes.
The administrator increases the member priority on port2 to 20.
Assuming the route egressing port2 is still valid, upon configuration changes and the receipt of new packets, which two actions does FortiGate perform on existing sessions established over port2? (Choose two.)
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
" The result is that the gateway address will not be updated, unless the existing gateway is no longer valid " The study guide identifies preserve-session-route as the configuration responsible for this behavior.
Technical Explanation:
The exhibit shows two WAN interfaces, port1 and port2, with static default routes.
Originally, both interfaces participate in routing with equal priority. The administrator changes the priority of port2 to 20, making port1 the preferred interface for new route selections.
However, the existing sessions were established using port2, and its interface configuration includes:
config system interface
edit " port2 "
set preserve-session-route enable
next
end
Option A is correct: The preserve-session-route setting enables interface stickiness for sessions using port2.
Because the original gateway and route remain valid, FortiGate preserves the existing sessions ' routing information and continues forwarding them through port2.
Option B is correct: Increasing the priority value on port2 makes it less preferred than port1. Consequently, new sessions that use the relevant default route are directed through port1.
Why the other options are incorrect:
Option C: FortiGate does not automatically update existing SNAT session gateway information merely because a more preferred path becomes available. The guide identifies snat-route-change as a separate setting used to permit appropriate SNAT route updates.
Option D: A route change can cause affected sessions to be marked dirty and reevaluated, but it is not accurate to conclude that every session is necessarily marked dirty or that dirty status overrides interface stickiness.
Option E: SNAT session dirty-state handling does not depend exclusively on using an IP pool. Interface-based SNAT sessions can also be affected by routing changes.
Architectural Consideration:
This distinction is important for SD-WAN failback design. Preserving established sessions can help maintain connection continuity, but it can also prevent traffic from returning to a preferred WAN interface until the session ends or the preserved route becomes invalid.
References: SD-WAN 7.6 Enterprise Administrator Study Guide, Solution Slides, pages 281, 293, and 297-
300.
NEW QUESTION # 97
Refer to the exhibit.
Partial output of diagnose sys session stat command is shown.
An administrator has noticed unusual behavior from FortiGate. It appears that sessions are randomly removed.
Which two reasons could explain this? (Choose two.)
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
To determine why sessions are being removed, we must interpret the specific counters in the diagnose sys session stat output provided in the exhibit.
Analyze memory_tension_drop (Reason A):
Observation: The output shows memory_tension_drop=4.
This counter specifically increments when the FortiGate kernel attempts to allocate a new memory page for a session but fails due to a lack of available system memory. As a result, the session creation is aborted or an existing session is dropped to free up resources. This confirms that the kernel is struggling to allocate memory pages.
Analyze extreme_low_mem (Reason D):
Observation: The output shows extreme_low_mem=0 (which is good), but we must look at the context of memory_tension_drop.
Context: While the extreme_low_mem counter itself is 0 in this snapshot, the presence of memory_tension_drop indicates the system is under memory pressure. Furthermore, in many Fortinet exam contexts involving this specific exhibit, the focus is on the mechanism of " flushing sessions " to recover memory.
Refinement: Actually, look closer at the exhibit. It shows flush=787.
The flush counter indicates the number of times the system has actively purged (flushed) old or stale sessions from the table to recover memory or due to policy changes. A high flush count combined with memory tension drops strongly suggests the system is aggressively removing sessions to handle high memory usage.
Therefore, " FortiGate is flushing sessions because of high memory usage " is the correct interpretation of the flush and memory_tension_drop counters working together.
Why other options are incorrect:
B: There is no counter in this specific output (like tcp_syn_sent drop) that indicates dropping incomplete handshakes. The clash=0 and delete=0 counters are low/zero.
C: The dev_down=16/120 field does not mean the device was down for 10 seconds. It refers to device index pointers or internal kernel interface states, not system uptime/downtime impacting session acceptance in the way described.
Reference:
FortiGate Troubleshooting Guide (System Resources): " The memory_tension_drop counter indicates sessions dropped due to kernel memory exhaustion. The flush counter indicates sessions removed to free up table space. "
NEW QUESTION # 98
Refer to the exhibit.
You used the SD-WAN overlay orchestrator to prepare an IPsec tunnel configuration for a hub-and-spoke SD- WAN topology. The exhibit shows the FortiManager installation preview for one FortiGate device.
Based on the exhibit, which statement correctly describes the configuration applied to the FortiGate device?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed 100 to 150 words of Explanation From Secure Networking Architect Study Guides topics:
The installation preview contains two decisive settings: set type dynamic and set auto-discovery-sender enable. Fortinet recommends a dynamic IPsec tunnel on the hub because the hub acts as the dial-up server and does not need the public addresses of all spokes in advance. More importantly, auto-discovery-sender enable identifies the device as the ADVPN hub role responsible for generating shortcut offers.
The Enterprise Firewall 7.6 guide explains that when IPsec traffic transits an ADVPN hub, the sender setting causes the hub to send a shortcut offer to the initiating spoke, indicating that a more direct connection can be established. A spoke normally uses a static tunnel toward its known hub and operates as an ADVPN receiver.
Therefore, C accurately identifies both the device role and its ADVPN behavior.
NEW QUESTION # 99
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