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Amazon SCS-C03 考試大綱：

主題	簡介
主題 1	Data Protection: This domain centers on protecting data at rest and in transit through encryption, key management, data classification, secure storage, and backup mechanisms.
主題 2	Infrastructure Security: This domain focuses on securing AWS infrastructure including networks, compute resources, and edge services through secure architectures, protection mechanisms, and hardened configurations.
主題 3	Detection: This domain covers identifying and monitoring security events, threats, and vulnerabilities in AWS through logging, monitoring, and alerting mechanisms to detect anomalies and unauthorized access.
主題 4	Security Foundations and Governance: This domain addresses foundational security practices including policies, compliance frameworks, risk management, security automation, and audit procedures for AWS environments.
主題 5	Identity and Access Management: This domain deals with controlling authentication and authorization through user identity management, role-based access, federation, and implementing least privilege principles.

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最新的 AWS Certified Specialty SCS-C03 免費考試真題 (Q259-Q264):

問題 #259
A security team manages a company's AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) customer managed keys. Only members of the security team can administer the KMS keys. The company's application team has a software process that needs temporary access to the keys occasionally.
The security team needs to provide the application team's software process with access to the keys. Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

A. Export the KMS key material to an on-premises hardware security module (HSM). Give the application team access to the key material.
B. Create a new KMS key by generating key material on premises. Import the key material to AWS KMS whenever the application team needs access. Grant the application team permissions to use the key.
C. Create a key grant to allow the application team to use the KMS keys. Revoke the grant when the application team no longer needs access.
D. Edit the key policy that grants the security team access to the KMS keys by adding the application team as principals. Revert this change when the application team no longer needs access.

答案：C

解題說明：
AWS KMS key grants are specifically designed to provide temporary, granular permissions to use customer managed keys without modifying key policies. According to the AWS Certified Security - Specialty Study Guide, grants are the preferred mechanism for delegating key usage permissions to AWS principals for short-term or programmatic access scenarios. Grants allow permissions such as Encrypt, Decrypt, or GenerateDataKey and can be created and revoked dynamically.
Using a key grant avoids the operational risk and overhead of editing key policies, which are long- term control mechanisms and should remain stable. AWS documentation emphasizes that frequent key policy changes increase the risk of misconfiguration and accidental privilege escalation. Grants can be revoked immediately when access is no longer required, ensuring strong adherence to the principle of least privilege.
Options A and D violate AWS security best practices because AWS KMS does not allow direct export of key material unless the key was explicitly created as an importable key, and exporting key material increases exposure risk. Option B requires manual policy changes and rollback, which introduces operational overhead and audit complexity.
AWS recommends key grants as the most efficient and secure way to provide temporary access to KMS keys for applications.

問題 #260
A company's security policy requires all Amazon EC2 instances to use the Amazon Time Sync Service. AWS CloudTrail trails are enabled in all of the company's AWS accounts. VPC Flow Logs are enabled for all VPCs.
A security engineer must identify any EC2 instances that attempt to use Network Time Protocol (NTP) servers on the internet.
Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. Monitor CloudTrail logs for API calls to non-standard time servers.
B. Monitor CloudTrail logs for API calls to the Amazon Time Sync Service.
C. Monitor VPC Flow Logs for traffic to the Amazon Time Sync Service.
D. Monitor VPC Flow Logs for traffic to non-standard time servers.

答案：D

解題說明：
Comprehensive and Detailed 100to 150 words of Explanation From AWS Certified Security - Specialty topics:
NTP traffic is network traffic, not an AWS API call. CloudTrail records AWS API activity, so it cannot identify an EC2 instance contacting an external NTP server on UDP port 123. VPC Flow Logs capture information about IP traffic going to and from network interfaces in a VPC, including source, destination, protocol, ports, and accept/reject status. Therefore, the correct approach is to analyze VPC Flow Logs for outbound NTP traffic to destinations other than the Amazon Time Sync Service. Monitoring traffic to the Amazon Time Sync Service would show compliant behavior, not violations. This is a detection-control question: use CloudTrail for API activity and VPC Flow Logs for network-level traffic visibility.

問題 #261
A company has an encrypted Amazon Aurora DB cluster in the us-east-1 Region that uses an AWS KMS customer managed key. The company must copy a DB snapshot to the us-west-1 Region but cannot access the encryption key across Regions. What should the company do to properly encrypt the snapshot in us-west-1?

A. Store the customer managed key in AWS Secrets Manager in us-west-1.
B. Create an IAM policy that allows RDS in us-west-1 to access the key in us-east-1.
C. Create an IAM policy to allow access to the key in us-east-1 from us-west-1.
D. Create a new customer managed key in us-west-1 and use it to encrypt the snapshot.

答案：D

解題說明：
AWS KMS keys are strictly regional resources. According to AWS Certified Security - Specialty documentation, a KMS key created in one Region cannot be used to encrypt or decrypt data in another Region. This includes encrypted RDS and Aurora snapshots.
When copying an encrypted snapshot to a different Region, the destination Region must have its own KMS key. AWS automatically re-encrypts the snapshot using the specified KMS key in the destination Region during the copy operation.
Options C and D are invalid because IAM policies cannot extend a KMS key's scope across Regions. Option A is incorrect because Secrets Manager does not store or manage KMS keys themselves.
AWS best practices require creating a new customer managed key in the target Region and using it during the snapshot copy process.

問題 #262
A company uses a collaboration application. A security engineer needs to configure automated alerts from AWS Security Hub in the us-west-2 Region for the application. The security engineer wants to receive an alert in a channel in the application every time Security Hub receives a new finding.
The security engineer creates an AWS Lambda function to convert the message to the format that the application requires. The Lambda function also sends the message to the application's API. The security engineer configures a corresponding Amazon EventBridge rule that specifies the Lambda function as the target.
After the EventBridge rule is implemented, the channel begins to constantly receive alerts from Security Hub. Many of the alerts are Amazon Inspector alerts that do not require any action. The security engineer wants to stop the Amazon Inspector alerts.
Which solution will meet this requirement with the LEAST operational effort?

A. Modify the value of the ProductArn attribute in the event pattern of the EventBridge rule to
"anything-but": ["arn:aws:securityhub:us-west-2::product/ aws/inspector"].
B. Create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic to send messages to the application. Set a filter policy on the topic subscriptions to reject any messages that contain the product/aws/inspector string.
C. Create a Security Hub custom action that automatically sends findings from all services except Amazon Inspector to the EventBridge event bus.
D. Update the Lambda function code to find pattern matches of events from Amazon Inspector and to suppress the findings.

答案：A

解題說明：
To filter out specific findings, such as those from Amazon Inspector, EventBridge event patterns can be used to selectively route events. By updating the ProductArn attribute in the event pattern with anything-but for Amazon Inspector's ProductArn (arn:aws:securityhub:us-west- ), only findings from other services will trigger the Lambda function. This approach allows the security engineer to filter
2::product/aws/inspector
out unnecessary alerts with minimal operational effort, avoiding the need for additional filtering in Lambda or SNS.

問題 #263
A security engineer needs to control access to data that is encrypted with an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) customer managed key. The security engineer also needs to use additional authenticated data (AAD) to prevent tampering with ciphertext. Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. Use key policies to restrict access to the appropriate IAM groups.
B. Pass the key alias to AWS KMS when calling the Encrypt and Decrypt API actions.
C. Use IAM policies to restrict access to the Encrypt and Decrypt API actions.
D. Use the kms:EncryptionContext condition key when defining IAM policies for the customer managed key.

答案：D

解題說明：
AWS KMS supports additional authenticated data (AAD) through the use of encryption context.
According to the AWS Certified Security - Specialty documentation, encryption context is a set of key-value pairs that is cryptographically bound to the ciphertext. Any attempt to decrypt the data must include the same encryption context, or decryption will fail. This mechanism protects against ciphertext tampering and unauthorized reuse.
The kms: EncryptionContext condition key allows security engineers to enforce the use of specific encryption context values in IAM or key policies. By defining conditions that require particular encryption context attributes, access to encrypted data can be tightly controlled and bound to specific applications, environments, or workflows.
Option A does not provide integrity protection. Option B controls access but does not enforce the use of AAD. Option D restricts administrative access but does not address encryption context enforcement.
AWS documentation explicitly states that encryption context combined with policy conditions is the recommended method to implement authenticated encryption and fine-grained access control with KMS.

問題 #264
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