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Amazon DOP-C02 Exam Syllabus Topics:

Section	Weight	Objectives
Incident and Event Response	18%	- Design and implement event and incident management 1. Implement automated response playbooks 2. Implement automated incident detection 3. Design event aggregation and correlation - Design and implement chaos engineering practices 1. Design resilience testing strategies 2. Implement fault injection experiments (AWS Fault Injection Simulator) 3. Analyze system behavior under failure conditions
Policies and Standards Automation	10%	- Design and implement governance strategies 1. Implement approval workflows and automation 2. Implement tagging policies and resource grouping 3. Design cost optimization through policies - Design and implement preventive and detective controls 1. Implement AWS Organizations and SCPs 2. Design and implement security baselines 3. Implement drift detection and remediation
SDLC Automation	22%	- Design build and test environments 1. Integrate security scanning and compliance checks 2. Implement build environments (isolated, reproducible) 3. Design test automation frameworks - Design and implement CI/CD pipelines 1. Implement deployment strategies (blue-green, canary, rolling) 2. Determine appropriate CI/CD pipeline architecture 3. Design failure handling strategies 4. Develop CI/CD pipelines considering testing and security requirements - Design and implement source code management strategies 1. Implement repository configurations and hooks 2. Determine branching strategies 3. Design code review and approval processes
High Availability and Disaster Recovery	16%	- Design and implement disaster recovery strategies 1. Design RTO and RPO based DR solutions 2. Implement pilot light and warm standby architectures 3. Implement backup and restore mechanisms 4. Implement multi-region active-active architectures - Implement data backup and restore strategies 1. Design point-in-time recovery solutions 2. Implement cross-region replication 3. Implement validation testing for backups - Design and implement high availability and scalability 1. Implement auto scaling strategies 2. Implement load balancing and traffic management 3. Design multi-AZ and multi-region architectures
Monitoring and Logging	12%	- Design and implement monitoring and observability strategies 1. Design custom metrics and alarms (Amazon CloudWatch) 2. Implement distributed tracing (AWS X-Ray) 3. Implement log aggregation and analysis - Design and implement alerting and incident management 1. Create alarm notification strategies 2. Implement automated incident response 3. Design runbook automation
Configuration Management and Infrastructure as Code	22%	- Design and implement configuration management 1. Implement AWS Systems Manager for configuration management 2. Design patch management strategies 3. Implement parameter management (AWS Parameter Store, Secrets Manager) - Design and implement data management strategies 1. Implement data lifecycle management 2. Design backup and recovery solutions 3. Implement database migration strategies - Design and implement infrastructure as code 1. Develop IaC templates (AWS CloudFormation, Terraform) 2. Implement modular and reusable infrastructure components 3. Design for scalability and repeatability - Implement compliance and configuration monitoring 1. Design remediation automation 2. Implement AWS CloudTrail for auditing 3. Use AWS Config for compliance monitoring

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Amazon AWS Certified DevOps Engineer - Professional 認定 DOP-C02 試験問題 (Q206-Q211):

質問 # 206
A company manages multiple AWS accounts by using AWS Organizations with OUS for the different business divisions, The company is updating their corporate network to use new IP address ranges. The company has 10 Amazon S3 buckets in different AWS accounts. The S3 buckets store reports for the different divisions. The S3 bucket configurations allow only private corporate network IP addresses to access the S3 buckets.
A DevOps engineer needs to change the range of IP addresses that have permission to access the contents of the S3 buckets The DevOps engineer also needs to revoke the permissions of two OUS in the company Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. On all the S3 buckets, configure resource-based policies that allow only the new range of IP addresses to access the S3 buckets. Set a permissions boundary for the OrganizationAccountAccessRole role in the two OUS to deny access to the S3 buckets.
B. Create a new SCP that has two statements, one that allows access to the new range of IP addresses for all the S3 buckets and one that demes access to the old range of IP addresses for all the S3 buckets. Set a permissions boundary for the OrganzauonAccountAccessRole role In the two OUS to deny access to the S3 buckets.
C. On all the S3 buckets, configure resource-based policies that allow only the new range of IP addresses to access the S3 buckets. Create a new SCP that denies access to the S3 buckets. Attach the SCP to the two OUs.
D. Create a new SCP that has a statement that allows only the new range of IP addresses to access the S3 buckets. Create another SCP that denies access to the S3 buckets. Attach the second SCP to the two OUS

正解：C

解説：
Explanation
The correct answer is C.
A comprehensive and detailed explanation is:
Option A is incorrect because creating a new SCP that has two statements, one that allows access to the new range of IP addresses for all the S3 buckets and one that denies access to the old range of IP addresses for all the S3 buckets, is not a valid solution. SCPs are not resource-based policies, and they cannot specify the S3 buckets or the IP addresses as resources or conditions. SCPs can only control the actions that can be performed by the principals in the organization, not the access to specific resources.
Moreover, setting a permissions boundary for the OrganizationAccountAccessRole role in the two OUs to deny access to the S3 buckets is not sufficient to revoke the permissions of the two OUs, as there might be other roles or users in those OUs that can still access the S3 buckets.
Option B is incorrect because creating a new SCP that has a statement that allows only the new range of IP addresses to access the S3 buckets is not a valid solution, for the same reason as option A. SCPs are not resource-based policies, and they cannot specify the S3 buckets or the IP addresses as resources or conditions. Creating another SCP that denies access to the S3 buckets and attaching it to the two OUs is also not a valid solution, as SCPs cannot specify the S3 buckets as resources either.
Option C is correct because it meets both requirements of changing the range of IP addresses that have permission to access the contents of the S3 buckets and revoking the permissions of two OUs in the company. On all the S3 buckets, configuring resource-based policies that allow only the new range of IP addresses to access the S3 buckets is a valid way to update the IP address ranges, as resource-based policies can specify both resources and conditions. Creating a new SCP that denies access to the S3 buckets and attaching it to the two OUs is also a valid way to revoke the permissions of those OUs, as SCPs can deny actions such as s3:PutObject or s3:GetObject on any resource.
Option D is incorrect because setting a permissions boundary for the OrganizationAccountAccessRole role in the two OUs to deny access to the S3 buckets is not sufficient to revoke the permissions of the two OUs, as there might be other roles or users in those OUs that can still access the S3 buckets. A permissions boundary is a policy that defines the maximum permissions that an IAM entity can have.
However, it does not revoke any existing permissions that are granted by other policies.
References:
AWS Organizations
S3 Bucket Policies
Service Control Policies
Permissions Boundaries

質問 # 207
A rapidly growing company wants to scale for developer demand for AWS development environments.
Development environments are created manually in the AWS Management Console. The networking team uses AWS CloudFormation to manage the networking infrastructure, exporting stack output values for the Amazon VPC and all subnets. The development environments have common standards, such as Application Load Balancers, Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling groups, security groups, and Amazon DynamoDB tables.
To keep up with demand, the DevOps engineer wants to automate the creation of development environments.
Because the infrastructure required to support the application is expected to grow, there must be a way to easily update the deployed infrastructure. CloudFormation will be used to create a template for the development environments.
Which approach will meet these requirements and quickly provide consistent AWS environments for developers?

A. Use Fn::ImportValue intrinsic functions in the Parameters section of the root template to retrieve Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) and subnet values. Define the development resources in the order they need to be created in the CloudFormation nested stacks. Use the CreateChangeSet. and ExecuteChangeSet commands to update existing development environments.
B. Use Fn::ImportValue intrinsic functions in the Resources section of the template to retrieve Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) and subnet values. Use CloudFormation StackSets for the development environments, using the Count input parameter to indicate the number of environments needed. Use the UpdateStackSet command to update existing development environments.
C. Use nested stacks to define common infrastructure components. Use Fn::ImportValue intrinsic functions with the resources of the nested stack to retrieve Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) and subnet values. Use the CreateChangeSet and ExecuteChangeSet commands to update existing development environments.
D. Use nested stacks to define common infrastructure components. To access the exported values, use TemplateURL to reference the networking team's template. To retrieve Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) and subnet values, use Fn::ImportValue intrinsic functions in the Parameters section of the root template. Use the CreateChangeSet and ExecuteChangeSet commands to update existing development environments.

正解：C

解説：
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/intrinsic-function-reference- importvalue.html
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/intrinsic-function-reference- importvalue.html CF of network exports the VPC, subnet or needed information CF of application imports the above information to its stack and UpdateChangeSet/ ExecuteChangeSet

質問 # 208
A development team is using AWS CodeCommit to version control application code and AWS CodePipeline to orchestrate software deployments. The team has decided to use a remote main branch as the trigger for the pipeline to integrate code changes. A developer has pushed code changes to the CodeCommit repository, but noticed that the pipeline had no reaction, even after 10 minutes.
Which of the following actions should be taken to troubleshoot this issue?

A. Check that the CodePipeline service role has permission to access the CodeCommit repository.
B. Check that the developer's IAM role has permission to push to the CodeCommit repository.
C. Check that an Amazon EventBridge rule has been created for the main branch to trigger the pipeline.
D. Check to see if the pipeline failed to start because of CodeCommit errors in Amazon CloudWatch Logs.

正解：C

質問 # 209
A company has an organization in AWS Organizations. A DevOps engineer needs to maintain multiple AWS accounts that belong to different OUs in the organization. All resources, including 1AM policies and Amazon S3 policies within an account, are deployed through AWS CloudFormation. All templates and code are maintained in an AWS CodeCommit repository Recently, some developers have not been able to access an S3 bucket from some accounts in the organization.
The following policy is attached to the S3 bucket.

What should the DevOps engineer do to resolve this access issue?

A. Ensure that no SCP is blocking access for developers to the S3 bucket Ensure that no 1AM policy permissions boundaries are denying access to developer 1AM users Make the necessary changes to the SCP and 1AM policy permissions boundaries in the CodeCommit repository Invoke deployment through CloudFormation to apply the changes
B. Verify that no 1AM permissions boundaries are denying developers access to the S3 bucket Make the necessary changes to IAM permissions boundaries. Use an AWS Config recorder in the individual developer accounts that are experiencing the issue to revert any changes that are blocking access. Commit the fix back into the CodeCommit repository. Invoke deployment through Cloud Formation to apply the changes.
C. Configure an SCP that stops anyone from modifying 1AM resources in developer OUs. In the S3 policy, add the awsSourceAccount condition. Add the AWS account IDs of all developers who are experiencing the issue Commit the fix back into the CodeCommit repository Invoke deployment through CloudFormation to apply the changes
D. Modify the S3 bucket policy Turn off the S3 Block Public Access setting on the S3 bucket In the S3 policy, add the awsSourceAccount condition. Add the AWS account IDs of all developers who are experiencing the issue.

正解：A

解説：
Verify No SCP Blocking Access:
Ensure that no Service Control Policy (SCP) is blocking access for developers to the S3 bucket. SCPs are applied at the organization or organizational unit (OU) level in AWS Organizations and can restrict what actions users and roles in the affected accounts can perform.
Verify No IAM Policy Permissions Boundaries Blocking Access:
IAM permissions boundaries can limit the maximum permissions that a user or role can have. Verify that these boundaries are not restricting access to the S3 bucket.
Make Necessary Changes to SCP and IAM Policy Permissions Boundaries:
Adjust the SCPs and IAM permissions boundaries if they are found to be the cause of the access issue. Make sure these changes are reflected in the code maintained in the AWS CodeCommit repository.
Invoke Deployment Through CloudFormation:
Commit the updated policies to the CodeCommit repository.
Use AWS CloudFormation to deploy the changes across the relevant accounts and resources to ensure that the updated permissions are applied consistently.
By ensuring no SCPs or IAM policy permissions boundaries are blocking access and making necessary changes if they are, the DevOps engineer can resolve the access issue for developers trying to access the S3 bucket.
Reference:
AWS SCPs
IAM Permissions Boundaries
Deploying CloudFormation Templates

質問 # 210
A company requires its internal business teams to launch resources through pre-approved AWS CloudFormation templates only. The security team requires automated monitoring when resources drift from their expected state.
Which strategy should be used to meet these requirements?

A. Allow users to deploy CloudFormation stacks using AWS Service Catalog only. Enforce the use of a launch constraint. Use AWS Config rules to detect when resources have drifted from their expected state.
B. Allow users to deploy CloudFormation stacks using a CloudFormation service role only. Use AWS Config rules to detect when resources have drifted from their expected state.
C. Allow users to deploy CloudFormation stacks using a CloudFormation service role only. Use CloudFormation drift detection to detect when resources have drifted from their expected state.
D. Allow users to deploy CloudFormation stacks using AWS Service Catalog only. Enforce the use of a template constraint. Use Amazon EventBridge notifications to detect when resources have drifted from their expected state.

正解：A

解説：
Explanation
The correct answer is C. Allowing users to deploy CloudFormation stacks using AWS Service Catalog only and enforcing the use of a launch constraint is the best way to ensure that the internal business teams launch resources through pre-approved CloudFormation templates only. AWS Service Catalog is a service that enables organizations to create and manage catalogs of IT services that are approved for use on AWS. A launch constraint is a rule that specifies the role that AWS Service Catalog assumes when launching a product.
By using a launch constraint, the DevOps engineer can control the permissions that the users have when launching a product. Using AWS Config rules to detect when resources have drifted from their expected state is the best way to automate the monitoring of the resources. AWS Config is a service that enables you to assess, audit, and evaluate the configurations of your AWS resources. AWS Config rules are custom or managed rules that AWS Config uses to evaluate whether your AWS resources comply with your desired configurations. By using AWS Config rules, the DevOps engineer can track the changes in the resources and identify any non-compliant resources.
Option A is incorrect because allowing users to deploy CloudFormation stacks using a CloudFormation service role only is not the best way to ensure that the internal business teams launch resources through pre-approved CloudFormation templates only. A CloudFormation service role is an IAM role that CloudFormation assumes to create, update, or delete the stack resources. By using a CloudFormation service role, the DevOps engineer can control the permissions that CloudFormation has when acting on the resources, but not the permissions that the users have when launching a stack. Therefore, option A does not prevent the users from launching resources that are not approved by the company. Using CloudFormation drift detection to detect when resources have drifted from their expected state is a valid way to monitor the resources, but it is not as automated and scalable as using AWS Config rules. CloudFormation drift detection is a feature that enables you to detect whether a stack's actual configuration differs, or has drifted, from its expected configuration. To use this feature, the DevOps engineer would need to manually initiate a drift detection operation on the stack or the stack resources, and then view the drift status and details in the CloudFormation console or API.
Option B is incorrect because allowing users to deploy CloudFormation stacks using a CloudFormation service role only is not the best way to ensure that the internal business teams launch resources through pre-approved CloudFormation templates only, as explained in option A. Using AWS Config rules to detect when resources have drifted from their expected state is a valid way to monitor the resources, as explained in option C.
Option D is incorrect because enforcing the use of a template constraint is not the best way to ensure that the internal business teams launch resources through pre-approved CloudFormation templates only. A template constraint is a rule that defines the values or properties that users can specify when launching a product. By using a template constraint, the DevOps engineer can control the parameters that the users can provide when launching a product, but not the permissions that the users have when launching a product. Therefore, option D does not prevent the users from launching resources that are not approved by the company. Using Amazon EventBridge notifications to detect when resources have drifted from their expected state is a less reliable and consistent solution than using AWS Config rules. Amazon EventBridge is a service that enables you to connect your applications with data from a variety of sources. Amazon EventBridge can deliver a stream of real-time data from event sources, such as AWS services, and route that data to targets, such as AWS Lambda functions. However, to use this solution, the DevOps engineer would need to configure the event source, the event bus, the event rule, and the event target for each resource type that needs to be monitored, which is more complex and error-prone than using AWS Config rules.

質問 # 211
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