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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: SD-WAN | - Traffic steering
|
| Topic 2: Enterprise Firewall | - System configuration
|
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NEW QUESTION # 55
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the omitted output of a session table entry.
Which two statements are true? (Choose two.)
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
In the provided session table output, the following details justify the answers:
Policy ID Match: The line policy_id=1 directly confirms that this session was matched by Firewall Policy ID
1. According to Fortinet's session table documentation, the policy_id field always references the policy that allowed this session, so this is a clear indicator.
Session Offloading: The presence of the strings npu_state, ips_offload, and notably the NPU info section such as offload=8/8, ips_offload=1/1 shows that this session has been offloaded to the Network Processor Unit (NPU). Fortinet technical documentation states that " offload " values greater than zero in both directions (and an NPU info section) affirm that NPU hardware processing (fast path) is handling this traffic, thus the session is not being handled in software only.
Other options:
VLAN Tagging (vlan=0x0000/0x0000): This means no VLAN tag is assigned to this session.
NP7: The actual NPU model handling the session isn't exposed in this snippet-the offload parameters shown are generic and not specific to NP7 hardware, so it cannot be concluded from the session data.
References:
Fortinet Technical Tip: FortiGate Session Table and NPU Offloading
FortiOS Diagnostics Guide: Policy ID, Offload, and VLAN Session Table Fields
NEW QUESTION # 56
What is the correct order of the IKEv2 request-and-response protocol?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The Internet Key Exchange version 2 (IKEv2) protocol simplifies the negotiation process compared to IKEv1.
It is defined by a specific sequence of message exchanges to establish a secure IPsec tunnel.
The correct chronological order of the IKEv2 exchanges is:
IKE_SA_INIT (Initial Exchange):
This is the first exchange. It negotiates the security parameters for the IKE Security Association (IKE SA), sends nonces, and performs the Diffie-Hellman key exchange. At the end of this exchange, the communication is encrypted, but the peers are not yet authenticated.
IKE_AUTH (Authentication Exchange):
This is the second exchange. It authenticates the previous messages, exchanges identities and certificates (if used), and establishes the first Child SA (the actual IPsec Security Association used for data traffic).
CREATE_CHILD_SA (Subsequent Exchanges):
This exchange occurs after the IKE SA and the initial Child SA are established. It is used to create additional Child SAs (for different traffic selectors) or to perform re-keying for the IKE SA or existing Child SAs.
Why other options are incorrect:
A & B: Incorrect because CREATE_CHILD_SA cannot happen before the SA is initialized (IKE_SA_INIT) and authenticated (IKE_AUTH).
D: Incorrect because IKE_AUTH cannot occur before IKE_SA_INIT.
Therefore, the protocol flow is IKE_SA_INIT $\rightarrow$ IKE_AUTH $\rightarrow$ CREATE_CHILD_SA.
NEW QUESTION # 57
Refer to the exhibit.
The partial output of FortiOS kernel slabs is shown. Which statement about total slab size is true?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The correct answer is B.
The study guide explicitly states that slabs are used by the kernel: "The kernel memory slabs are collections of objects with a common purpose. The kernel uses them to store information in memory." It also gives the exact calculation method: "Total slab size = available objects x object size" and explains that in the diagnose hardware sysinfo slab output, the columns are active objects, available objects, and object size From the exhibit:
tcp_session 3 5 1500 ...
available objects = 5
object size = 1500
So:
Total slab size = 5 × 1500 = 7500
That matches option B.
Why the other options are wrong:
A: ip_session 10 10 1408 ... gives 10 × 1408 = 14080, but slabs are associated with the kernel, not user space C: ip6_session 5 0 1472 ... gives 0 × 1472 = 0, not 1472 D: UDPv6 15 10 1408 ... gives 10 × 1408 = 14080, but again slabs are associated with the kernel, not user space So the verified answer is B.
NEW QUESTION # 58
Which exchange lakes care of DoS protection in IKEv2?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The IKE_SA_INIT exchange in IKEv2 is responsible for DoS protection measures. During IKE_SA_INIT, before authentication and further exchange, the responder can use cookie challenges (per RFC 7296 and Fortinet VPN documentation). If a DoS attack is suspected (many requests from the same source), the responder replies with a cookie. Only after the initiator returns the correct cookie does the exchange proceed, protecting the responder from state exhaustion and certain forms of DoS traffic at the handshake stage.
References:
FortiOS VPN Manual: IKEv2 Exchange Process and DoS Protections
IKEv2 RFC 7296: Description of IKE_SA_INIT and DoS Cookie Mechanism
NEW QUESTION # 59
Refer to the exhibit.
Partial output of the get vpn ipsec tunnel details command is shown. Based on the output, which two statements are correct? (Choose two.)
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
The correct answers are C and D .
The study guide's get vpn ipsec tunnel details example shows:
* replay: enabled
* inbound and outbound sections with separate SPIs
* NPU acceleration: encryption(outbound) decryption(inbound) and it labels these as "Phase 2 SAs for each direction" and "Hardware acceleration" This directly proves D. Anti-replay is enabled , because the output explicitly says replay: enabled For the NPU status, the study guide explains the exact npu_flag meanings:
* npu_flag=00 = both IPsec SAs loaded to the kernel
* npu_flag=01 = outbound IPsec SA copied to NPU
* npu_flag=02 = inbound IPsec SA copied to NPU
* npu_flag=03 = both outbound and inbound IPsec SAs copied to NPU
Because the exhibit shows hardware acceleration in both directions - encryption(outbound) and decryption(inbound) - the matching npu_flag is 03 , not 02. That makes C correct and A incorrect.
Why B is wrong:
The same study guide output labels the tunnel as having Phase 2 SAs for each direction , so different inbound and outbound SPIs are normal for the two SAs. Also, the FortiOS administration guide explains that auto-negotiate controls whether phase 2 SA negotiation is initiated automatically, not whether inbound and outbound SPIs are different: "By default the phase 2 security association (SA) is not negotiated until a peer attempts to send data... Auto-negotiate initiates the phase 2 SA negotiation automatically..." So the verified answers are: C, D .
NEW QUESTION # 60
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