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Microsoft GH-500 Exam Syllabus Topics:

TopicDetails
Topic 1
  • Describe the GHAS security features and functionality: This section of the exam measures skills of Security Engineers and Software Developers and covers understanding the role of GitHub Advanced Security (GHAS) features within the overall security ecosystem. Candidates learn to differentiate security features available automatically for open source projects versus those unlocked when GHAS is paired with GitHub Enterprise Cloud (GHEC) or GitHub Enterprise Server (GHES). The domain includes knowledge of Security Overview dashboards, the distinctions between secret scanning and code scanning, and how secret scanning, code scanning, and Dependabot work together to secure the software development lifecycle. It also covers scenarios contrasting isolated security reviews with integrated security throughout the development lifecycle, how vulnerable dependencies are detected using manifests and vulnerability databases, appropriate responses to alerts, the risks of ignoring alerts, developer responsibilities for alerts, access management for viewing alerts, and the placement of Dependabot alerts in the development process.
Topic 2
  • Configure and use Code Scanning with CodeQL: This domain measures skills of Application Security Analysts and DevSecOps Engineers in code scanning using both CodeQL and third-party tools. It covers enabling code scanning, the role of code scanning in the development lifecycle, differences between enabling CodeQL versus third-party analysis, implementing CodeQL in GitHub Actions workflows versus other CI tools, uploading SARIF results, configuring workflow frequency and triggering events, editing workflow templates for active repositories, viewing CodeQL scan results, troubleshooting workflow failures and customizing configurations, analyzing data flows through code, interpreting code scanning alerts with linked documentation, deciding when to dismiss alerts, understanding CodeQL limitations related to compilation and language support, and defining SARIF categories.
Topic 3
  • Describe GitHub Advanced Security best practices, results, and how to take corrective measures: This section evaluates skills of Security Managers and Development Team Leads in effectively handling GHAS results and applying best practices. It includes using Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) and Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) identifiers to describe alerts and suggest remediation, decision-making processes for closing or dismissing alerts including documentation and data-based decisions, understanding default CodeQL query suites, how CodeQL analyzes compiled versus interpreted languages, the roles and responsibilities of development and security teams in workflows, adjusting severity thresholds for code scanning pull request status checks, prioritizing secret scanning remediation with filters, enforcing CodeQL and Dependency Review workflows via repository rulesets, and configuring code scanning, secret scanning, and dependency analysis to detect and remediate vulnerabilities earlier in the development lifecycle, such as during pull requests or by enabling push protection.
Topic 4
  • Configure and use Dependabot and Dependency Review: Focused on Software Engineers and Vulnerability Management Specialists, this section describes tools for managing vulnerabilities in dependencies. Candidates learn about the dependency graph and how it is generated, the concept and format of the Software Bill of Materials (SBOM), definitions of dependency vulnerabilities, Dependabot alerts and security updates, and Dependency Review functionality. It covers how alerts are generated based on the dependency graph and GitHub Advisory Database, differences between Dependabot and Dependency Review, enabling and configuring these tools in private repositories and organizations, default alert settings, required permissions, creating Dependabot configuration files and rules to auto-dismiss alerts, setting up Dependency Review workflows including license checks and severity thresholds, configuring notifications, identifying vulnerabilities from alerts and pull requests, enabling security updates, and taking remediation actions including testing and merging pull requests.
Topic 5
  • Configure and use secret scanning: This domain targets DevOps Engineers and Security Analysts with the skills to configure and manage secret scanning. It includes understanding what secret scanning is and its push protection capability to prevent secret leaks. Candidates differentiate secret scanning availability in public versus private repositories, enable scanning in private repos, and learn how to respond appropriately to alerts. The domain covers alert generation criteria for secrets, user role-based alert visibility and notification, customizing default scanning behavior, assigning alert recipients beyond admins, excluding files from scans, and enabling custom secret scanning within repositories.

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Microsoft GitHub Advanced Security Sample Questions (Q14-Q19):

NEW QUESTION # 14
Which of the following features can be used to enforce passing status checks for code scanning and dependency review workflows?

Answer: C

Explanation:
To enforce passing status checks for code scanning and dependency review workflows, use repository rulesets to require that specific workflows, like the dependency review action, must pass before a pull request can be merged. On GitHub, this involves setting up a ruleset that mandates the successful completion of your code scanning and dependency review workflows, preventing merge conflicts if the analysis finds high-severity issues or if the review process is incomplete.
Using Rulesets on GitHub
1. Identify the required workflows: Determine which code scanning and dependency review workflows you want to enforce, such as the dependency review action for security vulnerabilities or a custom code scanning workflow.
2. Configure the ruleset: Navigate to your repository's settings and find the section for branch protection rules or rulesets.
3. Set rules for your target branch: Create or edit a ruleset for your primary branch (e.g., main).
Require specific workflows: Within the ruleset, add a requirement for the relevant workflows to pass before a pull request can be merged.
4. Enforce merge protection: Activate the rule to ensure that no pull request can be merged into the target branch unless all required status checks, including your code scanning and dependency review workflows, have successfully passed.


NEW QUESTION # 15
Assuming security and analysis features are not configured at the repository, organization, or enterprise level, secret scanning is enabled on:

Answer: B

Explanation:
By default, secret scanning is enabled automatically for all public repositories. For private or internal repositories, secret scanning must be enabled manually unless configured at the organization or enterprise level.
This default behavior helps protect open-source projects without requiring additional configuration.


NEW QUESTION # 16
What happens when you enable secret scanning on a private repository?

Answer: D

Explanation:
When secret scanning is enabled on a private repository, GitHub performs a read-only analysis of the repository's contents. This includes the entire Git history and files to identify strings that match known secret patterns or custom-defined patterns.
GitHub does not alter the repository, and enabling secret scanning does not automatically enable code scanning or dependency review - each must be configured separately.


NEW QUESTION # 17
Which of the following formats are used to describe a Dependabot alert? (Each answer presents a complete solution. Choose two.)

Answer: C,D

Explanation:
Dependabot alerts utilize standardized identifiers to describe vulnerabilities:
* CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures): A widely recognized identifier for publicly known cybersecurity vulnerabilities.
* CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration): A category system for software weaknesses and vulnerabilities.
These identifiers help developers understand the nature of the vulnerabilities and facilitate the search for more information or remediation strategies.
: GitHub Docs - About Dependabot alerts


NEW QUESTION # 18
What step is required to run a SARIF-compatible (Static Analysis Results Interchange Format) tool on GitHub Actions?

Answer: C

Explanation:
About SARIF file uploads for code scanning
GitHub creates code scanning alerts in a repository using information from Static Analysis Results Interchange Format (SARIF) files. SARIF files can be uploaded to a repository using the API or GitHub Actions.
You can upload the results using GitHub Actions, the code scanning API, or the CodeQL CLI.
The best upload method will depend on how you generate the SARIF file, for example, if you use:
* GitHub Actions to run the CodeQL action, there is no further action required. The CodeQL action uploads the SARIF file automatically when it completes analysis.
* GitHub Actions to run a SARIF-compatible analysis tool, you could update the workflow to include a final step that uploads the results.
Uploading a code scanning analysis with GitHub Actions
To use GitHub Actions to upload a third-party SARIF file to a repository, you'll need a workflow.
Your workflow will need to use the upload-sarif action, which is part of the github/codeql-action repository. It has input parameters that you can use to configure the upload.
* The CodeQL CLI to run code scanning in your CI system, you can use the CLI to upload results to GitHub


NEW QUESTION # 19
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