Linux Foundation KCNA Vorbereitungsfragen - KCNA Examsfragen

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Linux Foundation KCNA Exam Syllabus Topics:

Section	Weight	Objectives
Topic 1: Cloud Native Observability	8%	- Monitoring & Metrics 1. Tools and standards 2. Core observability signals - Logging & Tracing 1. Centralized logging 2. Distributed tracing basics
Topic 2: Cloud Native Application Delivery	8%	- Delivery Models 1. CI/CD pipelines 2. GitOps principles - Deployment Strategies 1. Rolling updates, canary releases 2. Application lifecycle management
Topic 3: Container Orchestration	22%	- Security & Troubleshooting 1. Security fundamentals 2. Basic troubleshooting methods - Networking & Storage 1. Cluster networking model 2. Persistent storage concepts - Orchestration Principles 1. Why orchestration matters 2. Runtime environments
Topic 4: Cloud Native Architecture	16%	- Cloud Native Principles 1. 12-factor applications 2. Microservices design - Ecosystem & Landscape 1. Serverless, service mesh concepts 2. CNCF projects overview
Topic 5: Kubernetes Fundamentals	46%	- Scheduling and Administration 1. Scheduler concepts 2. Basic kubectl operations - Kubernetes Core Concepts 1. API resources and objects 2. Pods, Controllers, Services 3. Cluster architecture and components - Containerization Basics 1. Images and registries 2. Containers vs VMs

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Linux Foundation Kubernetes and Cloud Native Associate KCNA Prüfungsfragen mit Lösungen (Q131-Q136):

131. Frage
How are ReplicaSets and Deployments related?

A. ReplicaSets manage stateful applications, Deployments manage stateless applications.
B. ReplicaSets are subsets of Jobs and CronJobs which use imperative Deployments.
C. Deployments are runtime instances of ReplicaSets.
D. Deployments manage ReplicaSets and provide declarative updates to Pods.

Antwort: D

132. Frage
You are running a production-critical application on Kubernetes. You need to ensure that if a pod fails, a new pod is automatically created to replace it. Which Kubernetes feature accomplishes this automatic pod replacement?

A. Namespace
B. ReplicaSet
C. Deployment
D. Pod Disruption Budget (PDB)
E. Service

Antwort: C

Begründung:
Deployments are Kubernetes resources designed to manage the lifecycle of pods. They provide features like rolling updates, automatic restarts, and self-healing. When a pod fails, the Deployment controller detects the failure and automatically creates a new pod to replace it, ensuring high availability.

133. Frage
In a serverless computing architecture:

A. Serverless functions are incompatible with containerized functions.
B. Containers serving requests are running in the background in idle status.
C. Users of the cloud provider are charged based on the number of requests to a function.
D. Users should make a reservation to the cloud provider based on an estimation of usage.

Antwort: C

Begründung:
Serverless architectures typically bill based on actual consumption, often measured as number of requests and execution duration (and sometimes memory/CPU allocated), so A is correct. The defining trait is that you don't provision or manage servers directly; the platform scales execution up and down automatically, including down to zero for many models, and charges you for what you use.
Option B is incorrect: many serverless platforms can run container-based workloads (and some are explicitly "serverless containers"). The idea is the operational abstraction and billing model, not incompatibility with containers. Option C is incorrect because "making a reservation based on estimation" describes reserved capacity purchasing, which is the opposite of the typical serverless pay-per-use model. Option D is misleading: serverless systems aim to avoid charging for idle compute; while platforms may keep some warm capacity for latency reasons, the customer-facing model is not "containers running idle in the background." In cloud-native architecture, serverless is often chosen for spiky, event-driven workloads where you want minimal ops overhead and cost efficiency at low utilization. It pairs naturally with eventing systems (queues, pub/sub) and can be integrated with Kubernetes ecosystems via event-driven autoscaling frameworks or managed serverless offerings.
So the correct statement is A: charging is commonly based on requests (and usage), which captures the cost and operational model that differentiates serverless from always-on infrastructure.

134. Frage
Which of the following are tasks performed by a container orchestration tool?

A. Debug applications, and manage the health of containers.
B. Store images, scale, and manage the health of containers.
C. Schedule, scale, and manage the health of containers.
D. Create images, scale, and manage the health of containers.

Antwort: C

135. Frage
If kubectl is failing to retrieve information from the cluster, where can you find Pod logs to troubleshoot?

A. ~/.kube/config
B. /var/log/k8s/
C. /etc/kubernetes/
D. /var/log/pods/

Antwort: D

Begründung:
The correct answer is A: /var/log/pods/. When kubectl logs can't retrieve logs (for example, API connectivity issues, auth problems, or kubelet/API proxy issues), you can often troubleshoot directly on the node where the Pod ran. Kubernetes nodes typically store container logs on disk, and a common location is under /var/log/pods/, organized by namespace, Pod name/UID, and container. This directory contains symlinks or files that map to the underlying container runtime log location (often under /var/log/containers/ as well, depending on distro/runtime setup).
Option B (~/.kube/config) is your local kubeconfig file; it contains cluster endpoints and credentials, not Pod logs. Option D (/etc/kubernetes/) contains Kubernetes component configuration/manifests on some installations (especially control plane), not application logs. Option C (/var/log/k8s/) is not a standard Kubernetes log path.
Operationally, the node-level log locations depend on the container runtime and logging configuration, but the Kubernetes convention is that kubelet writes container logs to a known location and exposes them through the API so kubectl logs works. If the API path is broken, node access becomes your fallback. This is also why secure node access is sensitive: anyone with node root access can potentially read logs (and other data), which is part of the threat model.
So, the best answer for where to look on the node for Pod logs when kubectl can't retrieve them is /var/log/pods/, option A.

136. Frage
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