無料でクラウドストレージから最新のJapancert L4M8 PDFダンプをダウンロードする：https://drive.google.com/open?id=1JwLw6IKW0Cjws9wycmW8KHPr5FKywMMf
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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Practical Application Scenarios | 15-20% | - Case study analysis - Applying theory to real-world procurement situations - Problem-solving and decision-making - Recommendation and justification skills |
| Topic 2: Procurement Process and Procedures | 25-30% | - Supplier selection methods - Contract award criteria - Procurement cycle stages - Purchase ordering and goods receipt - Requirements gathering and specification |
| Topic 3: Supplier Relationship Management | 20-25% | - Partnership and collaboration models - Supplier performance measurement (KPI, scorecards) - Supplier relationship types - Risk management in supplier relationships - Supplier development and improvement |
| Topic 4: Ethical and Sustainable Procurement | 15-20% | - Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) - Modern slavery and fair trade - Ethical sourcing considerations - Environmental sustainability in procurement - Supply chain transparency |
| Topic 5: Strategic Sourcing and Category Management | 20-25% | - Strategic sourcing process - Spend analysis techniques - Supplier segmentation and criticality analysis - Category segmentation |
多くの時間と労力をかかってCIPSのL4M8認定試験に合格するを冒険にすると代わりJapancertが提供した問題集を利用してわずか一度お金かかって合格するのは価値があるでしょう。今の社会の中で時間がそんなに重要で最も保障できるJapancertを選ばましょう。
質問 # 87
Explain with examples three differences between offers and invitation to treat.
正解：
解説：
An offer is created when one party communicates to another or to multiple parties that they wish to enter into a legal binding agreement in accordance with the terms stated, for example; a company in promotion advertising for buyers to buy one and get one free, an offer is a buying organization communicating to a supplier to supply X number of goods and be paid x amount upon delivery at company premises, an offer is when a football club proposes to pay X amount to a player if agrees to play for them for a month. An offer can be legally banded if accepted, whereas invitation to treat does not. An invitation to treat is just an invitation from one party to another to begin negotiations with the intention of creating an offer. If an offer is made without stating terms, this becomes an invitation to treat, for example, an invitation to treat is when a pharmacy displays a drug in its shelf. An invitation to treat can be linked to a request a buyer send to suppliers asking them for specific information.
* Refer to the question column for response
質問 # 88
What information should be included on a purchase requisition?
正解：
解説：
See the answer in explanation.
Explanation:
A purchase requisition should contain the following information
1) Date of the requisition
2) Description of what is required
3) Supplier if known
4) The quantity
5) when the need is required
6) why the need is required
7) who identified the need
8) who approved the need
9) if it's a re-buy
質問 # 89
What are the four stages of decommissioning?
正解：
解説：
See the answer in explanation.
Explanation:
When a fixed asset reaches the end of its life, it requires decommissioning before reconditioning or disposal.
Decommissioning is to observe all the safety measures and technical procedures and stop active machinery or an asset from operation (example gas plan, generator, transformer etc.
Decommissioning process include the following aspect
1) Preparation: Plan the process
2) Dismantle: Take the asset apart and remove hazardous waste
3) Processing: make safe any hazardous waste
4) Disposal: Ensure paper work is received to confirm removal and disposal
* Refer to the question column for response
質問 # 90
What is PQQ and what does it include?
正解：
解説：
Pre-qualification questionnaire (PQQ) is often standard forms that buyers send to potential suppli-ers. The purpose is to ensure that these potential suppliers could, if they win the contract, supply the product or service to the standard required. PQQ includes requesting details from the potential suppliers on the following information
1. Company Details
2. Environment policies
3. Trading history
4. Ethical policies
5. Financial information
6. Health and safety policies
7. Quality standards
8. References
9. Insurance.
質問 # 91
Which sector most frequently uses invitation to tender?
正解：
解説：
The public sector uses tenders a lot more in the working environment than private sector.
質問 # 92
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