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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Information Security Management System (ISMS) based on ISO/IEC 27001 | - ISO/IEC 27001 requirements (Clauses 4–10)
|
| Conducting an Audit | - Audit execution
|
| Closing the Audit | - Audit reporting and follow-up
|
| Fundamentals of Information Security Auditing | - Audit principles based on ISO 19011
|
| Planning and Initiating an Audit | - Audit program and planning activities
|
>> ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor-CN考題資源 <<
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問題 #141
情境 4
SendPay是一家金融服務公司，專注於透過代理商和機構網路提供全球匯款服務。作為市場新秀，SendPay致力於提供優質服務，其去年推出的免手續費數位平台讓客戶可以隨時隨地透過智慧型手機和筆記型電腦收發款項。當時，SendPay將軟體營運外包給外部團隊，該團隊也負責管理公司的技術基礎設施。
最近，該公司在實施資訊安全管理系統 (ISMS) 近一年後，申請了 ISO/IEC 27001 認證。
在審計過程中，審計人員重點審查了 SendPay 的外包業務，特別是外包公司負責的軟體開發和技術基礎設施維護。
他們採取了一套結構化的方法，其中包括審查和評估SendPay用於監控外包業務品質的流程。這包括核實該公司是否履行了合約義務，確保其在聘用外包實體方面擁有適當的管理程序，以及評估SendPay在預期或意外終止外包協議的情況下所採取的應對措施。
然而，審計人員委婉地指出，SendPay的協議並未充分考慮到外包協議意外取消的情況。此外，SendPay委派的技術專家協助審計人員，提供了與受審計外包業務相關的專業知識和經驗。
審計團隊計算了員工接受資訊安全管理系統 (ISMS) 培訓的小時數，以確保其符合既定目標。他們也基於審計期間抽取的樣本，計算了資訊安全事件的平均解決時間，從而深入了解了 SendPay 的事件管理實務。此外，審計人員還評估了審計期間收集的證據的可靠性。他們考慮了影響審計證據可靠性的多個因素。例如，與照片相比，監視錄影提供的證據更為客觀。時間因素也對可靠性起著至關重要的作用，交易記錄等機制可以增強證據的可信度。
SendPay 使用雲端平台來提高營運效率和可擴展性。然而，由於資源限制，審計人員在審計過程中並未要求 SendPay 提供其雲端活動清單，而是依賴 SendPay 的陳述。
問題
在審計過程中，審計團隊在評估證據可靠性時主要考慮了哪些因素？請參考情境4。
答案：B
解題說明：
The audit team primarily considered the objectivity of the evidence, making option B the correct answer. ISO
19011:2018 emphasizes that the reliability of audit evidence depends on several factors, including its objectivity, source, timing, and method of collection. Among these, objectivity is particularly important because it determines how free the evidence is from bias, interpretation, or subjective influence.
In the scenario, the auditors explicitly compared evidence from surveillance cameras with photos and concluded that surveillance footage provided more objective proof. This comparison directly highlights objectivity as a key consideration. Surveillance footage records events continuously and without human intervention, reducing the risk of manipulation or selective representation. Photos, by contrast, can be staged, selectively captured, or taken out of context, making them less objective.
The auditors also considered timing, such as transaction recording, which further supports objectivity by ensuring that events are recorded as they occur. While independence of the source is an important reliability factor, the scenario does not emphasize independence as the primary consideration. Instead, it focuses on how objective and trustworthy different forms of evidence are. Evidence collection techniques are also relevant, but the scenario describes the evaluation of evidence quality rather than how the evidence was gathered.
Therefore, based on the explicit examples provided, objectivity of the evidence was the primary factor considered when evaluating reliability.
問題 #142
在管理系統審核的背景下，請確定收集和驗證資訊的典型流程的順序。第一個已經為你完成了。
答案：
解題說明：
Explanation:
* Identifying the source of information (already given)
* Gathering audit evidence: This involves collecting information from various sources such as documents, records, interviews, and observations.
* Sampling the available data: Due to the vast amount of information available, auditors typically use sampling techniques to select representative data for closer scrutiny.
* Verifying objective evidence: This involves checking the accuracy, completeness, and reliability of the collected evidence.
* Evaluating evidence against the audit criteria: Auditors compare the collected evidence to the established criteria (e.g., standards, policies, procedures) to assess compliance and effectiveness.
* Recording audit findings: This involves documenting the results of the evaluation, including observations, conclusions, and recommendations.
* Making audit conclusions: Based on the recorded findings, auditors formulate overall conclusions about the status of the management system.
Therefore, the correct sequence is:
1. Identifying the source of information 2. Gathering audit evidence 3. Sampling the available data 4.
Verifying objective evidence 5. Evaluating evidence against the audit criteria 6. Recording audit findings 7.
Making audit conclusions
問題 #143
資料完整性意味著
答案：C
解題說明：
Integrity of data means accuracy and completeness of the data. Integrity is one of the three main objectives of information security, along with confidentiality and availability. Integrity ensures that information and systems are not corrupted, modified, or deleted by unauthorized actions or events. Data should be viewable at all times is not related to integrity, but to availability. Data should be accessed by only the right people is not related to integrity, but to confidentiality. Reference: : CQI & IRCA ISO 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Course Handbook, page 24. : [ISO/IEC 27001 Brochures | PECB], page 4.
問題 #144
您是一位經驗豐富的 ISMS 審核團隊領導者。在進行第三方監督審核期間，您決定測試受審核方對 ISO/IEC 27001 風險管理要求的了解。
你問她一系列問題，答案要么是“那是真的”，要么是“那是假的”。她應該回答以下哪四項「這是真的」？
答案：B,D,E,H
解題說明：
The following four statements are true according to ISO/IEC 27001's risk management requirements: 12
* The results of risk assessments must be maintained. This is true because clause 8.2.3 of ISO/IEC 27001:
2022 requires the organisation to retain documented information of the information security risk assessment process and the results12
* ISO/IEC 27001 provides an outline approach for the management of risk. This is true because clause
6.1.2 of ISO/IEC 27001:2022 specifies the general steps for the information security risk management process, which include establishing the risk criteria, assessing the risks, treating the risks, and monitoring and reviewing the risks12
* The organisation must produce a risk treatment plan for every business risk identified. This is true because clause 6.1.3 of ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requires the organisation to produce a risk treatment plan that defines the actions to be taken to address the unacceptable risks, the responsibilities, the expected dates, and the resources required12
* Risk assessments should be undertaken following significant changes. This is true because clause 8.2.4 of ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requires the organisation to review and update the risk assessment at planned intervals or when significant changes occur12 The following four statements are false according to ISO/IEC 27001's risk management requirements:
* Risk identification is used to determine the severity of an information security risk. This is false because risk identification is used to identify the assets, threats, vulnerabilities, and existing controls that are relevant to the information security risk management process. The severity of an information security risk is determined by the risk analysis, which evaluates the likelihood and impact of the risk scenarios12
* The organisation must operate a risk treatment process to eliminate its information security risks. This is false because the organisation can choose from four options to treat its information security risks:
avoid, transfer, mitigate, or accept. The organisation does not have to eliminate all its information security risks, but only those that are unacceptable according to its risk criteria12
* The initial phase in an organisation's risk management process should be information security risk assessment. This is false because the initial phase in an organisation's risk management process should be establishing the risk management framework, which includes defining the risk management policy, objectives, scope, roles, responsibilities, and criteria. The information security risk assessment is the second phase in the risk management process12
* Risks assessments should be undertaken at monthly intervals. This is false because there is no fixed frequency for conducting risk assessments in ISO/IEC 27001. The organisation should determine the appropriate intervals for reviewing and updating the risk assessment based on its risk appetite, risk profile, and operational context12 References:
1: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor (Information Security Management Systems) Course by CQI and IRCA Certified Training 1 2: ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor Training Course by PECB 2
問題 #145
設想：
Northstorm 是一家線上零售商店，提供獨特的復古和現代配件。它最初進入了一個小型市場，但隨著整個電子商務格局的發展而逐漸發展壯大。 Northstorm 專門在線上工作，確保高效的付款處理、庫存管理、行銷工具和出貨訂單。它採用優先排序來接收、補貨和運送其最受歡迎的產品。
Northstorm 傳統上透過託管其網站並完全控制其基礎架構（包括硬體、軟體和資料管理）來管理其 IT 營運。然而，由於缺乏響應的基礎設施，這種方法阻礙了其發展。為了增強其電子商務和支付系統，Northstorm 選擇擴展其內部資料中心，並在三個月內分兩個階段完成擴建。最初，該公司升級了其核心伺服器、銷售點、訂購、計費、資料庫和備份系統。第二階段涉及改善郵件、付款和網路功能。此外，在此階段，Northstorm 採用了針對個人識別資訊 (PII) 控制者和 PII 處理者的國際標準，以確保其資料處理實務安全並符合全球法規。
儘管進行了擴張，但 Northstorm 升級後的資料中心仍未能滿足其不斷變化的業務需求。這種不足導致了一些新的挑戰，包括訂單優先事項問題。客戶報告未收到優先訂單，且公司難以迅速回應。這主要是因為主伺服器無法處理來自 YouDecide 的訂單，YouDecide 是一款旨在優先處理訂單和模擬客戶互動的應用程式。該應用程式依賴先進的演算法，與升級期間安裝的新作業系統（OS）不相容。
面對緊急的兼容性問題，Northstorm 在沒有經過適當驗證的情況下迅速修補了應用程序，導致安裝了受損版本。這次安全漏洞導致主伺服器受到影響，該公司的網站離線一週。認識到需要更可靠的解決方案，該公司決定將其網站託管外包給電子商務提供者。該公司簽署了有關產品所有權的保密協議，並在過渡之前對使用者存取權限進行了徹底審查，以增強安全性。
下列哪一種情況代表 Northstorm 系統存在漏洞？
答案：A
解題說明：
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth
A vulnerability in information security refers to a weakness in a system, process, or software that can be exploited, leading to security incidents. In this case, the most significant vulnerability in Northstorm's system was the installation of an illegitimate (compromised) version of the application, which directly impacted the main server and resulted in system downtime.
A . The new version of the application directly affecting the main server is an outcome rather than the vulnerability itself. The reason it affected the server was due to its compromised nature.
B . The need for a replacement version of the application is not a vulnerability but rather a necessity due to the incompatibility issue introduced by the OS upgrade.
C . The new version of the application being illegitimate is the true vulnerability because it represents an unauthorized or unverified change that introduced malicious code or other security risks. This could have been mitigated by proper validation, secure software development practices, and adherence to change management policies outlined in ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A controls:
A .8.8 Management of Technical Vulnerabilities - Ensures that systems and applications are updated and maintained securely.
A .8.9 Configuration Management - Covers proper software deployment and validation procedures.
A .8.14 Redundancy of Information Processing Facilities - Ensures resilience to failures like server downtimes.
問題 #146
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