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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Data and Application Security | - Endpoint and application hardening - Data protection mechanisms and encryption basics |
| Topic 2: Incident Response and Recovery | - Disaster recovery and business continuity - Incident handling lifecycle |
| Topic 3: Network Security Controls | - Firewalls, IDS/IPS, and network access control - Secure network devices configuration |
| Topic 4: Threats and Vulnerabilities | - Malware and attack vectors - Network reconnaissance and exploitation techniques |
| Topic 5: Network Security Monitoring | - Log analysis and SIEM fundamentals - Traffic monitoring and anomaly detection |
| Topic 6: Network Defense Fundamentals | - Security policies and procedures - Network security principles and architectures |
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NEW QUESTION # 443
Which of the following is a network interconnectivity device that translates different communication protocols and is used to connect dissimilar network technologies?
Answer: B
Explanation:
A gateway is a network interconnectivity device that translates different communication protocols and is used to connect dissimilar network technologies. It provides greater functionality than a router or bridge because a gateway functions both as a translator and a router. Gateways are slower than bridges and routers. A gateway is an application layer device. Answer option B is incorrect. A router is an electronic device that interconnects two or more computer networks. It selectively interchanges packets of data between them. It is a networking device whose software and hardware are customized to the tasks of routing and forwarding information. It helps in forwarding data packets between networks. Answer option C is incorrect. A bridge is an interconnectivity device that connects two local area networks (LANs) or two segments of the same LAN using the same communication protocols, and provides address filtering between them. Users can use this device to divide busy networks into segments and reduce network traffic. A bridge broadcasts data packets to all the possible destinations within a specific segment. Bridges operate at the data-link layer of the OSI model. Answer option D is incorrect. A switch is a network device that selects a path or circuit for sending a data unit to its next destination. It is not required in smaller networks, but is required in large inter-networks, where there can be many possible ways of transmitting a message from a sender to destination. The function of switch is to select the best possible path. On an Ethernet local area network (LAN), a switch determines from the physical device (Media Access Control or MAC) address in each incoming message frame which output port to forward it to and out of. In a wide area packet-switched network, such as the Internet, a switch determines from the IP address in each packet which output port to use for the next part of its trip to the intended destination.
NEW QUESTION # 444
Which of the following router configuration modes changes terminal settings on a temporary basis, performs basic tests, and lists system information?
Answer: C
Explanation:
User EXEC is one of the router configuration modes that changes terminal settings on a temporary basis, performs basic tests, and lists system information.
Answer option C is incorrect. Privileged EXEC sets operating parameters.
Answer option A is incorrect. Global Config modifies configuration that affects the system as a whole.
Answer option B is incorrect. Interface Config modifies the operation of an interface.
NEW QUESTION # 445
As a network defender, you are investigating unusual data exfiltration patterns on a Linux-based file server. Initial alerts suggest that an unauthorized user might be transferring sensitive files via FTP. To conduct a thorough forensic audit, you need to review detailed records of all FTP file transfers, including the filenames accessed and the identities of the users who initiated those transfers. Which Linux log file or directory will provide the most relevant and comprehensive information for this FTP transfer audit?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The /var/log/xferlog file records detailed FTP transfer activity on Linux systems using FTP services such as vsftpd or wu-ftpd. It logs information about file transfers including the filename, transfer status, timestamps, client IP address, and the user account involved in the transfer. This makes it the most relevant log source for auditing FTP file uploads and downloads during a forensic investigation.
NEW QUESTION # 446
Which of the following is an attack on a website that changes the visual appearance of the site and seriously
damages the trust and reputation of the website?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Website defacement is an attack on a website that changes the visual appearance of the site. These are
typically the work of system crackers, who break into a Web server and replace the hosted website with one of
their own. Sometimes, the Defacer makes fun of the system administrator for failing to maintain server
security. Most times, the defacement is harmless; however, it can sometimes be used as a distraction to cover
up more sinister actions such as uploading malware.
A high-profile website defacement was carried out on the website of the company SCO Group following its
assertion that Linux contained stolen code. The title of the page was changed from Red Hat vs. SCO to SCO
vs. World with various satirical content.
Answer option D is incorrect. Buffer overflow is a condition in which an application receives more data than it is
configured to accept. This usually occurs due to programming errors in the application. Buffer overflow can
terminate or crash the application.
Answer option B is incorrect. A zero-day attack, also known as zero-hour attack, is a computer threat that tries
to exploit computer application vulnerabilities which are unknown to others, undisclosed to the software vendor,
or for which no security fix is available. Zero-day exploits (actual code that can use a security hole to carry out
an attack) are used or shared by attackers before the software vendor knows about the vulnerability. User
awareness training is the most effective technique to mitigate such attacks.
Answer option C is incorrect. Spoofing is a technique that makes a transmission appear to have come from an
authentic source by forging the IP address, email address, caller ID, etc. In IP spoofing, a hacker modifies
packet headers by using someone else's IP address to hide his identity. However, spoofing cannot be used
while surfing the Internet, chatting on-line, etc. because forging the source IP address causes the responses to
be misdirected.
NEW QUESTION # 447
Which of the following key features is used by TCP in order to regulate the amount of data sent by a host to
another host on the network?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Flow control is the process of regulating the amount of data sent by a host to another host on the network. The
flow control mechanism controls packet flow so that a sender does not transmit more packets than a receiver
can process. TCP uses a sliding window flow control protocol. In each TCP segment, the receiver specifies in
the receive window field the amount of additional received data (in bytes) that it is willing to buffer for the
connection. The sending host can send only up to that amount of data before it must wait for an
acknowledgment and window update from the receiving host.
Answer option A is incorrect. TCP uses a sequence number for identifying each byte of data.
Answer option B is incorrect. TCP timestamp helps TCP to compute the round-trip time between the sender
and receiver.
Answer option C is incorrect. Congestion control concerns controlling traffic entry into a telecommunications
network, so as to avoid congestive collapse by attempting to avoid oversubscription of any of the processing or
link capabilities of the intermediate nodes and networks and taking resource reducing steps, such as reducing
the rate of sending packets. It should not be confused with flow control, which prevents the sender from
overwhelming the receiver.
NEW QUESTION # 448
......
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