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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| WLAN Security and Management | - Security mechanisms and monitoring
|
| WLAN Regulations and Standards | - Wireless standards and amendments
|
| WLAN Infrastructure and Devices | - Access points and client devices
|
| WLAN Network Design | - Design principles and planning
|
| 802.11 Protocol and MAC Layer | - Frame types and communication process
|
| RF Technologies and Fundamentals | - Radio frequency principles and behavior
|
>> Exam CWNA-109 Lab Questions <<
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NEW QUESTION # 30
What can an impedance mismatch in the RF cables and connectors cause?
Answer: C
Explanation:
VSWR stands for Voltage Standing Wave Ratio, which is a measure of how well the impedance of the RF cable and connectors matches the impedance of the transmitter and the antenna. Impedance is the opposition to the flow of alternating current in an RF circuit, and it depends on the frequency, resistance, capacitance, and inductance of the components. A perfect impedance match would have a VSWR of 1:1, meaning that all the power is transferred from the transmitter to the antenna, and none is reflected back. However, in reality, there is always some degree of mismatch, which causes some power to be reflected back to the transmitter, creating standing waves along the cable. This reduces the efficiency and performance of the wireless system, and can also damage the transmitter. Excessive VSWR can be caused by using poor quality or damaged cables and connectors, or by using components that have different impedance ratings123. References: CWNA-
109 Study Guide, Chapter 2: Radio Frequency Fundamentals, page 90; CWNA-109 Study Guide, Chapter 2:
Radio Frequency Fundamentals, page 86; CWNP website, CWNA Certification.
NEW QUESTION # 31
What type of antenna is commonly used indoors, provides an omnidirectional horizontal radiation pattern, and is often mounted on a wall or built into an access point?
Answer: A
Explanation:
A dipole antenna is a common omnidirectional antenna used in indoor WLAN deployments. It radiates RF energy in a 360-degree horizontal pattern, resembling a donut shape when viewed from the side, with nulls directly above and below the antenna. Dipole antennas are frequently built into access points or mounted externally, and are well-suited for environments where coverage is needed in all directions around the antenna, such as open office spaces.
NEW QUESTION # 32
You are managing a wireless access point in autonomous mode using the Web based interface. You capture traffic during this management task and notice that you can see the HTML code of the Web pages used for access point management. What error in administration could be the cause of this security concern?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The error in administration that could be the cause of this security concern is that HTTP is in use instead of HTTPS. HTTP is an unencrypted protocol that transfers data in plain text over the network. This means that anyone who captures the traffic can see the HTML code of the Web pages used for access point management, as well as any sensitive information such as passwords or configuration settings. HTTPS is an encrypted protocol that uses SSL/TLS to secure the data transmission between the Web browser and the Web server.
HTTPS prevents anyone from snooping on or tampering with the Web traffic. Therefore, HTTPS should always be used for Web based management of wireless access points, especially in autonomous mode where there is no centralized controller to enforce security policies. References: [CWNP Certified Wireless Network Administrator Official Study Guide: ExamCWNA-109], page 431; [HTTP vs HTTPS: What's The Difference And Why Should You Care?].
NEW QUESTION # 33
You are performing a post-implementation validation survey. What basic tool can be used to easily locate areas of high co-channel interference?
Answer: A
Explanation:
A Wi-Fi scanner is a basic tool that can be used to easily locate areas of high co-channel interference. A Wi-Fi scanner is a software application that can run on a laptop, tablet, smartphone, or other device that has a Wi-Fi adapter. A Wi-Fi scanner can scan the wireless environment and display information about the detected access points and client stations, such as their SSID, BSSID, channel, signal strength, security, and data rate. A Wi-Fi scanner can also show the channel utilization and overlap of different access points, which can indicate the level of co-channel interference. Co- channel interference is a type of interference that occurs when multiple access points use the same or adjacent channels within the same coverage area. Co- channel interference can reduce the throughput and performance of the WLAN, as the access points and client stations have to contend for the channel access and avoid collisions. To identify areas of high co-channel interference, a Wi-Fi scanner can be used to measure the signal strength and channel utilization of different access points and compare them with a threshold or a baseline. Alternatively, a Wi-Fi scanner can also use a color- coded heat map to visualize the co- channel interference level in different locations.
NEW QUESTION # 34
What frame type is used to reserve the wireless medium for the transmission of high data rate frames that may not be understood by all clients connected to the BSS?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The frame type that is used to reserve the wireless medium for the transmission of high data rate frames that may not be understood by all clients connected to the BSS is RTS. RTS stands for Request to Send and is a control frame that is sent by a station to request access to the medium for a specified duration. The RTS frame contains the source and destination MAC addresses, as well as a Network Allocation Vector (NAV) value that indicates how long the medium will be occupied. The destination station responds with a Clear to Send (CTS) frame that echoes the NAV value and grants permission to the source station. All other stations in the BSS hear either the RTS or CTS frame and update their NAV timers accordingly, deferring their transmissions until the medium is free. The RTS/CTS mechanism can be used to prevent hidden node problems, reduce collisions, and protect high data rate frames that use features such as 802.11n or 802.11ac that may not be compatible with legacy stations. ACK, Beacon, and PS-Poll are not used to reserve the medium for high data rate frames. References: [CWNP Certified Wireless Network Administrator Official Study Guide:
ExamCWNA-109], page 112; [CWNA: Certified Wireless Network Administrator Official Study Guide:
ExamCWNA-109], page 102.
NEW QUESTION # 35
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