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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Routine Blood Collections | 28% | - Venipuncture techniques & equipment - Post-collection care & labeling - Tourniquet use & vein assessment - Capillary puncture procedures - Order of draw & tube selection |
| Specimen Processing & Handling | 14% | - Specimen rejection criteria - Processing & centrifugation - Transport & storage requirements - Aliquoting & preservation - Documentation & tracking |
| Safety and Compliance | 26% | - Quality control & error prevention - Infection control & OSHA standards - HIPAA & patient confidentiality - PPE & sharps disposal - Bloodborne pathogens & exposure control |
| Special Collections | 12% | - Glucose tolerance & dynamic tests - Blood cultures & sterile collection - Pediatric & geriatric collections - Therapeutic drug monitoring - Blood alcohol & legal collections |
| Patient Preparation | 20% | - Site selection & preparation - Patient identification & verification - Informed consent & communication - Patient positioning & comfort - Requisition review & test verification |
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NEW QUESTION # 59
Which of the following tube colors is commonly used for coagulation testing?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Light-blue tubes are commonly used for coagulation testing because they contain sodium citrate. Citrate binds calcium reversibly, preventing clotting while preserving the specimen for coagulation analysis such as PT, INR, and aPTT. The tube must be filled to the required level because coagulation testing depends on a precise blood-to-anticoagulant ratio. Underfilling a light-blue tube can falsely prolong clotting results and cause specimen rejection. Lavender tubes contain EDTA and are commonly used for hematology tests such as CBC. Gray tubes often contain sodium fluoride and potassium oxalate and are used for glucose or lactate testing depending on facility protocol. Red tubes are generally serum tubes without anticoagulant or with clot activator depending on manufacturer. The phlebotomist must collect light-blue tubes in the correct order of draw and inspect for proper fill. This is a high-yield NHA-style concept because it combines tube color, additive, test department, and specimen acceptability. Reference topics: Routine Blood Collections; coagulation tubes; sodium citrate; fill volume; order of draw.
NEW QUESTION # 60
Which of the following actions should a phlebotomist take after removing the needle from a venipuncture site?
Answer: B
Explanation:
After removing the needle, the phlebotomist should apply pressure with clean gauze. Direct pressure supports hemostasis and reduces bruising, bleeding, and hematoma formation. Asking the patient to bend the elbow tightly is incorrect because it can increase pressure at the puncture site and promote hematoma formation or continued bleeding under the skin. Recapping the needle is unsafe and increases needlestick risk; the safety device should be activated and the needle discarded in an approved sharps container. Labeling the tube cap only is also incorrect because caps can be removed or switched. The specimen label must be placed on the tube or container itself according to facility policy. After pressure is applied, the phlebotomist should check that bleeding has stopped before applying a bandage, especially for patients on anticoagulants or with bleeding disorders. Post-procedure care is not an afterthought; it is part of patient safety and specimen workflow. Reference topics: Routine Blood Collections; needle removal; post-procedure care; hemostasis; labeling requirements.
NEW QUESTION # 61
Which of the following additives is commonly found in a gray-top tube used for glucose testing?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Sodium fluoride is commonly found in gray-top tubes used for glucose testing. Sodium fluoride inhibits glycolysis, which helps preserve glucose concentration after collection by slowing cellular glucose consumption. Many gray-top tubes also contain potassium oxalate as an anticoagulant. Sodium citrate is found in light-blue tubes used for coagulation studies because it binds calcium reversibly. EDTA is found in lavender-top tubes and is commonly used for hematology testing such as CBC. SPS is sodium polyanethol sulfonate, an additive used in blood culture bottles or yellow SPS tubes because it supports organism recovery by reducing certain inhibitory effects. Tube additives are not trivia; they determine specimen type and test validity. A glucose specimen collected in the wrong tube or processed late may produce inaccurate results because cells continue metabolizing glucose after collection. The phlebotomist must match test, tube, additive, order of draw, fill volume, and handling requirements. Reference topics: Special Collections; glucose testing; gray-top tube; sodium fluoride; additive function.
NEW QUESTION # 62
A phlebotomist is performing a glucose tolerance test. Which of the following actions should the phlebotomist take after the patient drinks the glucose solution?
Answer: D
Explanation:
After the patient drinks the glucose solution, the phlebotomist should start timing according to the test protocol. Glucose tolerance testing depends on strict timed specimen collection after ingestion of a measured glucose load. If timing is inaccurate, the results may be invalid or misleading. The patient should not eat crackers because additional food intake can alter glucose results. Exercise should also be avoided unless specifically directed because physical activity can affect glucose metabolism. Collecting all remaining specimens immediately defeats the purpose of the timed test, which evaluates the body's glucose response over defined intervals. The phlebotomist must verify fasting status, collect the baseline specimen if required, ensure the patient consumes the glucose solution within the allowed time, document the time finished, and collect subsequent specimens at exact ordered intervals. If the patient vomits, eats, leaves, or misses a timed draw, the phlebotomist should follow facility policy and notify appropriate personnel. Reference topics: Special Collections; glucose tolerance testing; timed specimens; patient preparation; test protocol compliance.
NEW QUESTION # 63
A patient states they ate breakfast 1 hour before a fasting lipid panel. Which of the following actions should the phlebotomist take?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The phlebotomist should ask the provider or follow facility policy to determine whether the specimen should still be collected. A fasting lipid panel can be affected by recent food intake, especially triglyceride-related measurements and specimen lipemia. The phlebotomist must not falsely mark the specimen as fasting because that creates inaccurate documentation and can mislead clinical interpretation. Telling the patient to drink water and wait 30 minutes does not restore the required fasting state. Changing the order to another test is outside the phlebotomist's scope; only an authorized provider can change laboratory orders. The proper role is to verify patient preparation, document noncompliance if the draw proceeds, and communicate the issue through the appropriate workflow. Patient preparation is a major preanalytical control point. A technically perfect venipuncture can still produce clinically misleading results if fasting, medication timing, posture, or timing requirements are ignored. Reference topics: Patient Preparation; fasting requirements; patient compliance; requisition review; preanalytical variables.
NEW QUESTION # 64
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