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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Wireless Networks | 5% | - Wireless Encryption: WEP, WPA2, WPA3 - Wireless Threats & Attacks - Wireless Hacking Tools - Security Best Practices |
| Topic 2: Cloud Computing | 5% | - Cloud Security Risks - AWS, Azure, GCP Attacks - Cloud Security Best Practices - Cloud Models & Services |
| Topic 3: Enumeration | 7% | - DNS, SMTP, NFS Enumeration - AI-Driven Enumeration - Enumeration Countermeasures - Enumeration Concepts - NetBIOS, SNMP, LDAP Enumeration |
| Topic 4: System Hacking | 8% | - Clearing Tracks & Logs - Gaining Access: Password Attacks - Maintaining Access - Privilege Escalation |
| Topic 5: IoT & OT Security | 4% | - Security Controls - Attacks on IoT & OT Systems - IoT/OT Architecture & Risks |
| Topic 6: Scanning Networks | 8% | - Scanning Beyond IDS/Firewall - AI-Assisted Scanning - Service & OS Fingerprinting - Host & Port Discovery - Network Scanning Basics - Scanning Countermeasures |
| Topic 7: Mobile Platforms | 4% | - Mobile Attack Vectors - Mobile Device Security - Android & iOS Vulnerabilities |
| Topic 8: Session Hijacking | 4% | - Countermeasures - Session Hijacking Concepts - Hijacking Techniques - Application & Network Level Hijacking |
| Topic 9: Social Engineering | 6% | - Countermeasures & Awareness - Social Engineering Concepts - Identity Theft - Phishing, Pretexting, Baiting |
| Topic 10: Cryptography | 5% | - Encryption Concepts & Algorithms - Cryptography in Practice - Cryptanalysis & Attacks - Public Key Infrastructure |
| Topic 11: Evading IDS, Firewalls, and Honeypots | 5% | - Honeypot Concepts & Detection - IDS, IPS, Firewall Technologies - Evasion Techniques |
| Topic 12: Vulnerability Analysis | 8% | - Scanning & Analysis Tools - Vulnerability Classification & Scoring - Vulnerability Research & Databases - Vulnerability Assessment Lifecycle |
| Topic 13: Introduction to Ethical Hacking | 5% | - Legal and Ethical Compliance - Cyber Kill Chain & MITRE ATT&CK - Information Security Concepts - Ethical Hacking Methodology |
| Topic 14: Malware Threats | 7% | - Malware Analysis & Countermeasures - Malware Types: Trojans, Viruses, Worms - AI-Powered Malware - APT & Fileless Malware |
| Topic 15: Denial-of-Service | 4% | - DDoS Tools - DoS & DDoS Concepts - Attack Techniques & Botnets - Defense Mechanisms |
| Topic 16: Web Server & Application Attacks | 8% | - Web Security Countermeasures - SQL Injection & Command Injection - Web Server Vulnerabilities - Web Application Attacks: XSS, CSRF - API Security Risks |
| Topic 17: Footprinting and Reconnaissance | 7% | - Reconnaissance Countermeasures - OSINT Techniques - Reconnaissance Concepts - DNS, WHOIS, Network Mapping |
| Topic 18: Sniffing | 5% | - Packet Sniffing Concepts - Sniffing Tools & Techniques - MITM Attacks - Sniffing Countermeasures |
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NEW QUESTION # 134
Your network infrastructure is under a SYN flood attack. The attacker has crafted an automated botnet to simultaneously send 's' SYN packets per second to the server. You have put measures in place to manage 'f SYN packets per second, and the system is designed to deal with this number without any performance issues.
If 's' exceeds 'f', the network infrastructure begins to show signs of overload. The system's response time increases exponentially (24k), where 'k' represents each additional SYN packet above the ff limit. Now, considering 's=500' and different 'f values, in which scenario is the server most likely to experience overload and significantly increased response times?
Answer: A
Explanation:
A SYN flood attack is a type of denial-of-service (DoS) attack that exploits the TCP handshake process by sending a large number of SYN requests to the target server, without completing the connection. This consumes the connection state tables on the server, preventing it from accepting new connections. The attacker has crafted an automated botnet to simultaneously send 's' SYN packets per second to the server. The server can handle 'f' SYN packets per second without any performance issues. If 's' exceeds 'f', the network infrastructure begins to show signs of overload. The system's response time increases exponentially (24k), where 'k' represents each additional SYN packet above the 'f' limit.
Considering 's=500' and different 'f' values, the scenario that is most likely to cause the server to experience overload and significantly increased response times is the one where 'f=420'. This is because 's' is greater than 'f' by 80 packets per second, which means the server cannot handle the incoming traffic and will eventually run out of resources. The response time shoots up (2480 = 281,474,976,710,656 times the normal response time), indicating a system overload.
The other scenarios are less likely or less severe than the one where 'f=420'. Option A has 'f=510', which is greater than 's', so the system stays stable and the response time remains unaffected. Option B has 'f=495', which is less than 's' by 5 packets per second, so the response time drastically rises (245 = 32 times the normal response time), indicating a probable system overload, but not as extreme as option D. Option C has
'f=505', which is less than 's' by 5 packets per second, so the response time increases but not as drastically (245 = 32 times the normal response time), and the system might still function, albeit slowly. References:
* SYN flood DDoS attack | Cloudflare
* SYN flood - Wikipedia
* What Is a SYN Flood Attack? | F5
* What is a SYN flood attack and how to prevent it? | NETSCOUT
NEW QUESTION # 135
CyberTech Inc. recently experienced SQL injection attacks on its official website. The company appointed Bob, a security professional, to build and incorporate defensive strategies against such attacks. Bob adopted a practice whereby only a list of entities such as the data type, range, size, and value, which have been approved for secured access, is accepted. What is the defensive technique employed by Bob in the above scenario?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Whitelist validation (also known as allowlist validation) is a robust defensive strategy where only pre- approved input formats are accepted. This includes:
Restricting input to specific data types (e.g., integer, string)
Limiting size, format, or allowed characters
Accepting only expected values (e.g., country codes, age ranges)
This practice is highly effective in mitigating SQL injection and other input-based attacks.
Incorrect Options:
A). Output encoding prevents XSS by encoding output but doesn't validate input.
B). Enforcing least privilege is an access control principle.
D). Blacklist validation is less secure and attempts to block known bad inputs, which may be bypassed.
Reference - CEH v13 Official Courseware:
Module 14: Hacking Web Applications
Section: "Input Validation and SQL Injection Mitigation"
Subsection: "Whitelist vs Blacklist Input Validation"
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NEW QUESTION # 136
Ron, a security professional, was pen testing web applications and SaaS platforms used by his company.
While testing, he found a vulnerability that allows hackers to gain unauthorized access to API objects and perform actions such as view, update, and delete sensitive data of the company. What is the API vulnerability revealed in the above scenario?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The scenario describes an API vulnerability where unauthorized users are able to view, modify, or delete sensitive data by interacting with API objects. This indicates a failure in access control-specifically, a lack of Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) validation.
Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC):
ABAC is an advanced access control model that evaluates access permissions based on attributes of the user, the resource, and the environment (e.g., user role, data sensitivity, location, etc.).
When ABAC is not properly implemented ("No ABAC validation"), APIs may allow users to access or manipulate objects they shouldn't have access to.
In APIs, this typically results in vulnerabilities like Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR), where users can tamper with object identifiers (IDs) to access or alter data that doesn't belong to them.
This is one of the top risks highlighted by the OWASP API Security Top 10 (e.g., Broken Object Level Authorization).
Incorrect Options:
A). Code injection refers to injecting malicious code (e.g., SQLi, XSS), not improper access control.
B). Improper use of CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing) may lead to unauthorized data exposure but doesn't describe unauthorized object access in an API.
D). Business logic flaws relate to weaknesses in application workflows and rules, not direct access control failures.
Reference - CEH v13 Official Courseware:
Module 14: Hacking Web Applications
Section: "API Security Threats"
Subsection: "Access Control Failures in APIs (IDOR, BOLA, ABAC-related flaws)" OWASP API Security Top 10: 2023 - A1: Broken Object Level Authorization CEH iLabs and CEH Engage also demonstrate API-based attack vectors exploiting access control weaknesses.
NEW QUESTION # 137
Daniel Is a professional hacker who Is attempting to perform an SQL injection attack on a target website.
www.movlescope.com. During this process, he encountered an IDS that detects SQL Injection attempts based on predefined signatures. To evade any comparison statement, he attempted placing characters such as ''or
'1'='1" In any bask injection statement such as "or 1=1." Identify the evasion technique used by Daniel in the above scenario.
Answer: B
Explanation:
One may append the comment "-" operator along with the String for the username and whole avoid executing the password segment of the SQL query. Everything when the - operator would be considered as comment and not dead.
To launch such an attack, the value passed for name could be 'OR '1'='1' ; -Statement = "SELECT * FROM 'CustomerDB' WHERE 'name' = ' "+ userName + " ' AND 'password' = ' " + passwd + " ' ; " Statement = "SELECT * FROM 'CustomerDB' WHERE 'name' = ' ' OR '1'='1';- + " ' AND 'password' =
' " + passwd + " ' ; "
All the records from the customer database would be listed.
Yet, another variation of the SQL Injection Attack can be conducted in dbms systems that allow multiple SQL injection statements. Here, we will also create use of the vulnerability in sure dbms whereby a user provided field isn't strongly used in or isn't checked for sort constraints.
This could take place once a numeric field is to be employed in a SQL statement; but, the programmer makes no checks to validate that the user supplied input is numeric.
Variation is an evasion technique whereby the attacker can easily evade any comparison statement. The attacker does this by placing characters such as "' or '1'='1'" in any basic injection statement such as "or 1=1" or with other accepted SQL comments.
Evasion Technique: Variation Variation is an evasion technique whereby the attacker can easily evade any comparison statement. The attacker does this by placing characters such as "' or '1'='1'" in any basic injection statement such as "or 1=1" or with other accepted SQL comments. The SQL interprets this as a comparison between two strings or characters instead of two numeric values. As the evaluation of two strings yields a true statement, similarly, the evaluation of two numeric values yields a true statement, thus rendering the evaluation of the complete query unaffected. It is also possible to write many other signatures; thus, there are infinite possibilities of variation as well. The main aim of the attacker is to have a WHERE statement that is always evaluated as "true" so that any mathematical or string comparison can be used, where the SQL can perform the same.
NEW QUESTION # 138
The company ABC recently contracts a new accountant. The accountant will be working with the financial statements. Those financial statements need to be approved by the CFO and then they will be sent to the accountant but the CFO is worried because he wants to be sure that the information sent to the accountant was not modified once he approved it. Which of the following options can be useful to ensure the integrity of the data?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Hashing algorithms (such as SHA-256 or MD5) are used to generate a unique digital fingerprint of a file or message. Once the CFO approves the financial statement, generating a hash value for the document ensures that if any modification occurs (even a single bit), the hash value will change, indicating a breach in data integrity.
This solution directly addresses integrity - one of the three components of the CIA triad (Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability). Password protection or transferring via USB does not ensure integrity; they offer access control and delivery security.
Reference:
CEH v13 eCourseware - Module 20: Cryptography # "Hash Functions"
CEH v13 Study Guide - Chapter: Cryptographic Controls # Data Integrity with Hashes
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NEW QUESTION # 139
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