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問題 #166
An organization found a significant vulnerability associated with a commonly used package in a variety of operating systems. The organization develops a registry of software dependencies to facilitate incident response activities. As part of the registry, the organization creates hashes of packages that have been formally vetted. Which of the following attack vectors does this registry address?
答案：B
解題說明：
A). Supply chain attack: This type of attack involves compromising the software supply chain by injecting malicious code into legitimate software packages.
B). Cipher substitution attack: This is a cryptographic attack focused on replacing ciphertext with a different ciphertext to deduce the key. It's not relevant to the scenario.
C). Side-channel analysis: This attack involves gathering information from the physical implementation of a system (e.g., timing, power consumption) rather than exploiting the algorithm itself. It's not applicable here.
D). On-path attack (formerly man-in-the-middle): This attack involves intercepting and potentially altering communication between two parties. While important, it's not theprimary focus of the registry.
E). Pass-the-hash attack: This attack involves using a stolen hash of a user's password to authenticate without needing the actual password. It's unrelated to software package integrity.
Why A is the Correct answer:
A supply chain attack is exactly what the organization is trying to mitigate. By creating a registry of known-good software packages and their hashes, they can verify that the packages they are using are legitimate and haven't been altered.
If an attacker were to compromise a software package in the supply chain, the hash of the altered package would not match the hash in the organization's registry. This would immediately alert the organization to a potential compromise.
CASP+ Relevance: This aligns with the CASP+ exam objectives, which emphasize the importance of risk management, threat intelligence, and implementing security controls to address various attack vectors, including supply chain risks.
How the Registry Works (Elaboration based on CASP+principles):
Hashing: When a package is vetted, a cryptographic hash function (like SHA-256) is used to generate a unique "fingerprint" (the hash) of the package's contents.
Verification: Before installing or using a package, its hash is calculated and compared to the hash stored in the registry. A match confirms the package's integrity. A mismatch indicates tampering.
Incident Response: If a vulnerability is discovered in a commonly used package, the registry helps the organization quickly identify which systems are affected based on the dependency list and the stored hashes.
In conclusion, maintaining a registry of software dependencies with hashes is a crucial security control that directly addresses the threat of supply chain attacks by ensuring the integrity and authenticity of software packages. The use of hash functions for verification is a common practice in security and is emphasized in the CASP+ material.
Explanation:
Step by Step
Understanding the Scenario: The question describes a proactive security measure where an organization maintains a registry of software dependencies and their corresponding hashes. This registry is used to verify the integrity of software packages.
Analyzing the Answer Choices:
問題 #167
A company's security policy states that any publicly available server must be patched within 12 hours after a patch is released A recent llS zero-day vulnerability was discovered that affects all versions of the Windows Server OS:
Which of the following hosts should a security analyst patch first once a patch is available?
答案：A
解題說明：
Based on the security policy that any publicly available server must be patched within 12 hours after a patch is released, the security analyst should patch Host 1 first. Here's why:
Public Availability: Host 1 is externally available, making it accessible from the internet. Publicly available servers are at higher risk of being targeted by attackers, especially when a zero-day vulnerability is known.
Exposure to Threats: Host 1 has IIS installed and is publicly accessible, increasing its exposure to potential exploitation. Patching this host first reduces the risk of a successful attack.
Prioritization of Critical Assets: According to best practices, assets that are exposed to higher risks should be prioritized for patching to mitigate potential threats promptly.
問題 #168
A company isolates its OT systems from other areas of the corporate network. These systems are required to report usage information over the internet to the vendor. Which of the following best prevents compromise or sabotage? (Choose two.)
答案：D,E
解題說明：
Implementing allow lists restricts communication to only approved addresses or services, reducing exposure to unauthorized access. Establishing a site-to-site IPSec VPN secures data transmission over the internet, protecting OT systems from interception or tampering.
問題 #169
Developers have been creating and managing cryptographic material on their personal laptops fix use in production environment. A security engineer needs to initiate a more secure process. Which of the following is the best strategy for the engineer to use?
答案：D
解題說明：
The best strategy for securely managing cryptographic material is to use a Hardware Security Module (HSM). Here's why:
Security and Integrity: HSMs are specialized hardware devices designed to protect and manage digital keys. They provide high levels of physical and logical security, ensuring that cryptographic material is well protected against tampering and unauthorized access.
Centralized Key Management: Using HSMs allows for centralized management of cryptographic keys, reducing the risks associated with decentralized and potentially insecure key storage practices, such as on personal laptops.
Compliance and Best Practices: HSMs comply with various industry standards and regulations (such as FIPS 140-2) for secure key management. This ensures that the organization adheres to best practices and meets compliance requirements.
Reference:
CompTIA Security+ SY0-601 Study Guide by Mike Chapple and David Seidl
NIST Special Publication 800-57: Recommendation for Key Management
ISO/IEC 19790:2012: Information Technology - Security Techniques - Security Requirements for Cryptographic Modules
問題 #170
A security administrator is performing a gap assessment against a specific OS benchmark. The benchmark requires the following configurations be applied to endpoint:
- Full disk encryption
- Host-based firewall
- Time synchronization
- Password policies
- Application allow listing
- Zero Trust application access
Which of the following solutions best addresses the requirements? (Select two).
答案：A,B
解題說明：
To address the specific OS benchmark configurations, the following solutions are most appropriate:
SCAP (Security Content Automation Protocol): SCAP helps in automating vulnerability management and policy compliance, including configurations like full disk encryption, host-based firewalls, and password policies.
SASE (Secure Access Service Edge): SASE provides a framework for Zero Trust network access and application allow listing, ensuring secure and compliant access to applications and data.
These solutions together cover the comprehensive security requirements specified in the OS benchmark, ensuring a robust security posture for endpoints.
問題 #171
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