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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| WLAN Network Security | 15% | - Authentication and encryption
|
| WLAN Network Architecture and Design Concepts | 15% | - Network design principles
|
| WLAN Troubleshooting and Management | 15% | - Monitoring and maintenance
|
| WLAN Regulations and Standards | 15% | - Regulatory bodies and frequency bands
|
| WLAN Protocols and Devices | 20% | - 802.11 frame types and formats
|
| Radio Frequency (RF) Technologies | 20% | - RF fundamentals and behavior
|
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NEW QUESTION # 36
What can cause excessive VSWR in RF cables used to connect a radio to an antenna?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Impedance is the measure of opposition to the flow of alternating current (AC) in a circuit. Impedance mismatch occurs when the impedance of the radio does not match the impedance of the antenna or the cable.
This causes some of the transmitted or received signal to be reflected back, resulting in a loss of power and efficiency. The voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is a metric that indicates the amount of impedance mismatch in a transmission line. A higher VSWR means a higher impedance mismatch and a lower signal quality. A VSWR of 1:1 is ideal, meaning there is no impedance mismatch and no reflected power. A VSWR of 2:1 means that for every 2 units of forward power, there is 1 unit of reflected power12.
The other options are not correct because they do not affect the VSWR in RF cables. A high gain yagi antenna or a high gain parabolic dish antenna can increase the signal strength and directionality, but they do not cause impedance mismatch in the cable. Radio output power above 100 mW but below 400 mW is within the acceptable range for most WLAN devices and does not cause excessive VSWR in the cable3.: 1: CWNA-109 Official Study Guide, page 77 2: VSWR 3: CWNA-109 Official Study Guide, page 81
NEW QUESTION # 37
Three access points are used within a facility. One access point is on channel 11 and the other two are on channel 1. The two access points using channel 1 are on either side of the access point using channel 11 and sufficiently apart so that they do not interfere with each other when they transmit frames. Assuming no other APs are in the vicinity, is CCI still a possibility in this network and why?
Answer: D
Explanation:
CCI is still a possibility in this network because the client devices connected to one of the channel 1 APs will transmit frames that reach the other channel 1 AP as well as clients connected to the other channel 1 AP. CCI stands for co-channel interference, which is a type of interference that occurs when two or more devices transmit on the same channel within range of each other. CCI reduces performance and capacity because it causes contention and collisions on the wireless medium, which leads to retransmissions and delays. CCI can be mitigated by increasing physical separation between devices using the same channel or by reducing transmit power levels to limit coverage area. In this scenario, three access points are used within a facility.
One access point is on channel 11 and the other two are on channel 1. The two access points using channel 1 are on either side of the access point using channel 11 and sufficiently apart so that they do not interfere with each other when they transmit frames. However, this does not prevent CCI from occurring between their client devices that are connected on channel 1. For example, if a client device connected to one of the channel
1 APs sends a frame to another device on the wired network or on another wireless network (such as an Internet server or a VoIP phone), that frame will be heard by both channel 1 APs as well as any other client devices connected to either of them on channel 1. This will cause CCI because these devices will have to wait for the channel to be clear before they can transmit their own frames. The answer that CCI only occurs in the
5 GHz frequency band is incorrect; CCI can occur in any frequency band where devices use the same channel.
The answer that channel 11 loops around and causes CCI with channel 1 is also incorrect; channel 11 does not loop around and it operates in a different frequency band than channel 1. References: CWNA-109 Study Guide, Chapter 5: Radio Frequency Signal and Antenna Concepts, page 147
NEW QUESTION # 38
What primary metric of scanning can stations use to select the best AP for connectivity to the desired BSS?
Answer: D
Explanation:
When a station scans for available wireless networks, it listens for beacon frames sent by APs. A beacon frame contains information about the BSS, such as SSID, supported rates, channel, security, etc. The station also measures the signal strength of the beacon frames, which indicates how well the station can communicate with the AP. The signal strength is usually expressed in dBm or RSSI units. The higher the signal strength, the better the connection quality and performance. Therefore, the station can use the signal strength of AP beacons as the primary metric to select the best AP for connectivity to the desired BSS.
NEW QUESTION # 39
A wireless engineer needs to calculate the total loss of an RF signal as it travels through free space between a transmitting and receiving antenna. What is this calculation called?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Free space path loss (FSPL) is the loss of signal strength that occurs as an RF wave propagates through free space, with no obstructions, over a given distance. FSPL increases as the distance between the transmitter and receiver increases, and it also increases with higher frequencies.
FSPL is a critical calculation in designing outdoor point-to-point and point-to-multipoint bridge links, as it directly affects the link budget calculation needed to ensure adequate signal strength at the receiver.
NEW QUESTION # 40
You manage a WLAN with 100 802.11ac access points. All access points are configured to use 80 MHz channels. In a particular BSS, only 40 MHz communications are seen. What is the likely cause of this behavior?
Answer: B
Explanation:
https://7signal.com/802-11ac-migration-part-2-whats-nobodys-telling-you-about-80mhz-and-160mhz-channel-bo The clients are all 802.11n STAs or lower is the likely cause of this behavior. If a WLAN with 100 802.11ac access points is configured to use 80 MHz channels, butonly 40 MHz communications are seen in a particular BSS, it means that the clients in that BSS do not support 80 MHz channels. This could be because they are using older standards, such as 802.11n or lower, that do not support 80 MHz channels. Alternatively, they could be using newer standards, such as 802.11ac or ax, but have their channel width settings limited to 40 MHz or lower due to device capabilities or configuration options. In either case, the AP will adapt to the client's channel width and use only 40 MHz of the 80 MHz allocated bandwidth to communicate with them.
This will reduce the potential throughput and efficiency of the WLAN. References: , Chapter 3, page 111; , Section 3.2
NEW QUESTION # 41
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