EMT合格対策 & EMT試験対応

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NREMT EMT Exam Syllabus Topics:

SectionObjectives
Trauma- Traumatic injuries
  • 1. Bleeding control and hemorrhage management
    • 2. Fractures and musculoskeletal injuries
      Airway, Respiration & Ventilation- Airway management
      • 1. Oxygen therapy and delivery systems
        • 2. Basic airway adjuncts and techniques
          Medical, Obstetrics & Pediatrics- Medical emergencies
          • 1. Respiratory, diabetic, and neurological emergencies
            • 2. Obstetric and neonatal care basics
              EMS Operations- Operational procedures
              • 1. Scene safety and management
                • 2. Communication and documentation
                  Cardiology & Resuscitation- Cardiac emergencies
                  • 1. Shock management
                    • 2. CPR and AED use

                      >> EMT合格対策 <<

                      信頼できるEMT合格対策 | 素晴らしい合格率のEMT Exam | 優秀なEMT: Emergency Medical Technicians Exam

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                      NREMT Emergency Medical Technicians Exam 認定 EMT 試験問題 (Q147-Q152):

                      質問 # 147
                      A 67-year-old patient has a sudden onset of weakness and dizziness after feeling a tearing pain in their chest.
                      The patient has a history of diabetes, myocardial infarction, and hypertension. Lung sounds are clear. The skin is pale and cool to the touch. The vital signs are BP 88/52, P 128, and R 24. Which of the following types of shock should the EMT most strongly suspect?

                      正解:D

                      解説:
                      The correct answer is B. Hypovolemic shock.
                      Key findings in this scenario:
                      Sudden "tearing" chest pain # classic sign of aortic dissection or rupture Hypotension (BP 88/52) Tachycardia (P 128) Pale, cool, clammy skin Clear lung sounds Why this indicates hypovolemic shock:
                      A tearing chest pain strongly suggests a vascular catastrophe (e.g., aortic dissection/rupture), which can lead to internal bleeding. This results in:
                      Loss of circulating blood volume
                      Decreased perfusion
                      Signs of hypovolemic shock
                      NREMT-aligned guidance states:
                      "Hypovolemic shock results from significant fluid or blood loss."
                      "Patients present with hypotension, tachycardia, and cool, pale skin."
                      Why NOT cardiogenic shock (C):
                      Although the patient has a cardiac history:
                      Cardiogenic shock typically presents with:
                      Pulmonary edema (crackles)
                      Signs of heart pump failure
                      This patient has clear lung sounds, which argues against cardiogenic shock Why the other options are incorrect:
                      A). PsychogenicCauses temporary fainting, not sustained hypotension with shock signs D). SepticUsually presents with warm skin (early) and signs of infection, not tearing chest pain Exact Extracts (NREMT-aligned EMT educational references):
                      "Hypovolemic shock is caused by blood or fluid loss."
                      "Signs include hypotension, tachycardia, and cool, pale skin."
                      "Internal bleeding can result in hypovolemic shock."
                      Clinical Priority Summary:
                      The tearing chest pain with hypotension and signs of poor perfusion strongly suggests internal hemorrhage, leading to hypovolemic shock, making B the correct answer.
                      References:
                      NREMT EMT Education Standards - Cardiology & Resuscitation
                      NREMT National Continued Competency Program (NCCP)
                      AAOS Emergency Care and Transportation of the Sick and Injured (NREMT-aligned)


                      質問 # 148
                      A 20-year-old patient has just given birth. The neonate is crying and has central cyanosis. They have a pulse greater than 100. Which of the following actions should the EMT take? Select the three answer options that are correct.

                      正解:C、D、F

                      解説:
                      According to NREMT neonatal resuscitation principles, a newborn who is crying with a heart rate greater than 100 does not require aggressive resuscitation but does need supportive care.
                      Option A (Dry baby) is essential to stimulate breathing and prevent heat loss.
                      Option B (Keep baby warm) is critical, as neonates lose heat rapidly and hypothermia worsens hypoxia.
                      Option C (Administer blow-by oxygen) is appropriate for central cyanosis when respirations and heart rate are adequate.
                      Option D is only indicated if secretions are obstructing the airway.
                      Options E and F are contraindicated because the infant has an adequate heart rate and is breathing.
                      NREMT emphasizes warmth, oxygenation, and minimal intervention in stable newborns.


                      質問 # 149
                      A patient who was involved in a car crash removes the cervical collar you placed on his neck and refuses to allow you to replace it. You should

                      正解:A

                      解説:
                      According to NREMT guidelines and standard EMS ethics, a competent adult patient has the legal right to refuse any portion of medical care, including spinal immobilization, as long as they demonstrate decision- making capacity. In this scenario, the patient is refusing one specific intervention (the cervical collar), not transportation or overall care. Therefore, EMS providers must respect the patient's autonomy while continuing to act in the patient's best interest.
                      Option A is correct because the appropriate action is to clearly document the patient's informed refusal of the cervical collar and continue transport. Documentation should include the patient's mental status, orientation, explanation of risks provided, the patient's understanding of those risks, and the patient's explicit refusal. This protects both the patient and the EMS provider legally and ethically.
                      Option B is incorrect because restraining a patient to force treatment constitutes assault and battery unless the patient lacks decision-making capacity or poses an immediate danger to themselves or others. There is no indication in the question that the patient is incompetent or combative.
                      Option C is incorrect because the patient has not refused all care-only spinal immobilization. Abandoning care by leaving the scene would violate EMS duty to act once patient contact has been established.
                      Option D is incorrect because withholding transport unless the patient complies is coercive and unethical.
                      EMS providers must not threaten or pressure patients into accepting treatment.
                      In summary, NREMT emphasizes patient rights, informed consent, and thorough documentation.
                      Transporting the patient while documenting refusal of immobilization is the safest, most professional, and legally sound course of action.


                      質問 # 150
                      A 15-year-old patient is unresponsive following an assault. The patient has a stab wound on the chest, which is gurgling. The vital signs are BP 76/48 mmHg, P 146/min, R 26/min, and SpO# 90% on room air.
                      Which of the following types of shock is the most likely cause of the patient's presentation?

                      正解:C

                      解説:
                      Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (Based on NREMT standards):
                      This patient has signs of penetrating chest trauma, severe hypotension, tachycardia, and respiratory distress.
                      A gurgling chest wound suggests an open pneumothorax, which can progress to tension pneumothorax.
                      Option C (Obstructive shock) is correct because air trapped in the chest can compress the heart and great vessels, preventing adequate cardiac output.
                      Option A is less likely because although blood loss may be present, the chest injury suggests impaired circulation due to pressure.
                      Option B involves pump failure, not trauma-related compression.
                      Option D involves abnormal vessel dilation, not mechanical obstruction.
                      NREMT emphasizes rapid recognition of obstructive shock and immediate intervention with occlusive dressings and rapid transport.


                      質問 # 151
                      What are the components of the START triage system?

                      正解:B

                      解説:
                      START (Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment) is a triage method taught by the National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians for use in mass-casualty incidents. START allows rescuers to quickly prioritize patients based on the severity of their conditions using objective criteria that can be assessed in under 60 seconds.
                      The correct components of the START system are Respirations, Perfusion, and Mental Status (RPM), making Option D correct. EMTs first assess whether the patient is breathing and evaluate respiratory rate. Next, perfusion is assessed by checking radial pulse or capillary refill. Finally, mental status is evaluated by determining whether the patient can follow simple commands.
                      Option A describes elements of a general patient assessment, not START triage.
                      Option B refers to the primary assessment sequence, not mass-casualty triage.
                      Option C lists triage categories rather than assessment components.
                      NREMT emphasizes START triage as a rapid, standardized approach to manage large numbers of patients efficiently while maximizing survivability.


                      質問 # 152
                      ......

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