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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Storage | 10% | - Understand how to configure applications with persistent storage - Understand Storage Classes and Persistent Volumes - Understand volume mode, access modes and reclaim policies - Understand persistent volume claims primitive |
| Cluster Architecture, Installation & Configuration | 25% | - Prepare underlying infrastructure for installing a Kubernetes cluster - Use Helm and Kustomize to install cluster components - Manage the lifecycle of Kubernetes clusters - Create and manage Kubernetes clusters using kubeadm - Understand CRDs, install and configure operators - Manage role based access control (RBAC) - Implement and configure a highly-available control plane - Understand extension interfaces (CNI, CSI, CRI, etc.) |
| Workloads & Scheduling | 15% | - Understand how to run multiple schedulers and configure scheduler policies - Understand DaemonSets - Understand Static Pods - Understand Deployments and rolling update/rollback - Use ConfigMaps and Secrets to configure applications - Use label selectors to schedule Pods - Understand resource limits and requests - Understand how scheduler works |
| Services & Networking | 20% | - Know how to use Ingress controllers and Ingress resources - Use the Gateway API to manage Ingress traffic - Use ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer service types and endpoints - Understand connectivity between Pods - Define and enforce Network Policies - Understand and use CoreDNS |
| Troubleshooting | 30% | - Troubleshoot networking - Troubleshoot cluster component failure - Understand how to monitor applications - Evaluate cluster and node logging - Manage container stdout & stderr logs - Troubleshoot application failure |
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NEW QUESTION # 73
Schedule a pod as follows:
* Name: nginx-kusc00101
* Image: nginx
* Node selector: disk=ssd
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below.
Explanation
solution
NEW QUESTION # 74
You must connect to the correct host.
Failure to do so may result in a zero score.
[candidate@base] $ ssh Cka000046
Task
First, create a new StorageClass named local-path for an existing provisioner named rancher.io/local-path .
Set the volume binding mode to WaitForFirstConsumer .
Not setting the volume binding mode or setting it to anything other than WaitForFirstConsumer may result in a reduced score.
Next, configure the StorageClass local-path as the default StorageClass .
Answer:
Explanation:
Task Summary
You need to:
* SSH into cka000046
* Create a StorageClass named local-path using the provisioner rancher.io/local-path
* Set the volume binding mode to WaitForFirstConsumer
* Make this StorageClass the default
Step-by-Step Solution
1## SSH into the correct host
ssh cka000046
## Required. Skipping this = zero score
2## Create a StorageClass YAML file
Create a file named local-path-sc.yaml:
cat <<EOF > local-path-sc.yaml
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
name: local-path
annotations:
storageclass.kubernetes.io/is-default-class: "true"
provisioner: rancher.io/local-path
volumeBindingMode: WaitForFirstConsumer
EOF
# This:
* Sets WaitForFirstConsumer (as required)
* Marks the class as default using the correct annotation
3## Apply the StorageClass
kubectl apply -f local-path-sc.yaml
4## Verify it's the default StorageClass
kubectl get storageclass
You should see local-path with a (default) marker:
NAME PROVISIONER RECLAIMPOLICY VOLUMEBINDINGMODE ALLOWVOLUMEEXPANSION
AGE
local-path rancher.io/local-path Delete WaitForFirstConsumer false 10s
Final Command Summary
ssh cka000046
cat <<EOF > local-path-sc.yaml
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
name: local-path
annotations:
storageclass.kubernetes.io/is-default-class: "true"
provisioner: rancher.io/local-path
volumeBindingMode: WaitForFirstConsumer
EOF
kubectl apply -f local-path-sc.yaml
kubectl get storageclass
NEW QUESTION # 75
You are tasked with setting up fine-grained access control for a Kubernetes cluster running a microservices application. You need to ensure that developers can only access the resources related to their specific microservices while preventing them from accessing or modifying other services' resources. Define RBAC roles and permissions to achieve this, including details of the resources, verbs, and namespaces involved. Consider the following:
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Specify the YAML configurations for roles, role bindings, and service accounts to enable the required access control, ensuring developers only have access to their respective microservice's resources within their assigned namespaces. Solution (Step by Step) : 1. Define Roles:
2. Create Service Accounts: apiVersion: vl kind: ServiceAccount metadata: name: order-service-sa namespace: order-service-ns -- apiVersion: vl kind: ServiceAccount metadata: name: payment-service-sa namespace: payment-service-ns -- apiVersion: vl kind: ServiceAccount metadata: name: inventory-service-sa namespace: inventory-service-ns 3. Bind Roles to Service Accounts: -- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: RoleBinding metadata: name: order-service-dev-binding namespace: order-service-ns roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: Role name: order-service-dev subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: order-service-sa namespace: order-service-ns -- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: RoleBinding metadata: name: payment-service-dev-binding namespace: payment-service-ns roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: Role name: payment-service-dev subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: payment-service-sa namespace: payment-service-ns -- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: RoleBinding metadata: name: inventory-service-dev-binding namespace: inventory-service-ns roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: Role name: inventory-service-dev subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: inventory-service-sa namespace: inventory-service-ns 4. Assign Service Accounts to Users: This step requires external authentication mechanisms like OIDC or LDAP. Assuming you have these mechanisms set up, you can associate the service accounts with specific users ('john.doe@example.com' , 'jane.doe@example.com', and 'peter.pan@example.com') using the configured authentication provider. Roles: Define the specific permissions for each microservice developer within their respective namespaces. The roles allow developers to access resources like Pods, Deployments, Services, ConfigMaps, and Secrets related to their assigned microservice. Service Accounts: Service accounts are created in each namespace for each microservice, representing the identity of the developer group. Role Bindings: Role bindings connect the defined roles with the service accounts, granting the associated permissions. User Association: This step connects the service accounts with individual developers through external authentication mechanisms, enabling them to utilize the assigned permissions. By following these steps, you ensure that developers can only access and manage resources associated with their respective microservices within their assigned namespaces. This fine-grained access control policy effectively restricts access and prevents developers from interfering with other microservices or resources. ,
NEW QUESTION # 76
A Kubernetes worker node, named wk8s-node-0 is in state NotReady. Investigate why this is the case, and perform any appropriate steps to bring the node to a Ready state, ensuring that any changes are made permanent.
You can ssh to the failed node using:
[student@node-1] $ | ssh Wk8s-node-0
You can assume elevated privileges on the node with the following command:
[student@w8ks-node-0] $ | sudo -i
Answer:
Explanation:
solution
NEW QUESTION # 77
Watch the job that runs 10 times one by one and verify 10 pods are created and delete those after it's completed
Answer:
Explanation:
kubectl get job -w kubectl get po kubectl delete job hello-job
NEW QUESTION # 78
......
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