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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Troubleshooting | 30% | - Manage container stdout & stderr logs - Evaluate cluster and node logging - Troubleshoot networking - Troubleshoot cluster component failure - Troubleshoot application failure - Understand how to monitor applications |
| Storage | 10% | - Understand volume mode, access modes and reclaim policies - Understand Storage Classes and Persistent Volumes - Understand persistent volume claims primitive - Understand how to configure applications with persistent storage |
| Services & Networking | 20% | - Understand connectivity between Pods - Use ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer service types and endpoints - Know how to use Ingress controllers and Ingress resources - Understand and use CoreDNS - Define and enforce Network Policies - Use the Gateway API to manage Ingress traffic |
| Workloads & Scheduling | 15% | - Understand DaemonSets - Understand how scheduler works - Use label selectors to schedule Pods - Understand Deployments and rolling update/rollback - Understand Static Pods - Understand how to run multiple schedulers and configure scheduler policies - Understand resource limits and requests - Use ConfigMaps and Secrets to configure applications |
| Cluster Architecture, Installation & Configuration | 25% | - Understand extension interfaces (CNI, CSI, CRI, etc.) - Manage role based access control (RBAC) - Implement and configure a highly-available control plane - Prepare underlying infrastructure for installing a Kubernetes cluster - Manage the lifecycle of Kubernetes clusters - Understand CRDs, install and configure operators - Create and manage Kubernetes clusters using kubeadm - Use Helm and Kustomize to install cluster components |
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NEW QUESTION # 44
Ensure a single instance of pod nginx is running on each node of the Kubernetes cluster where nginx also represents the Image name which has to be used. Do not override any taints currently in place.
Use DaemonSet to complete this task and use ds-kusc00201 as DaemonSet name.
Answer:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION # 45
Score: 5%
Task
Monitor the logs of pod bar and:
* Extract log lines corresponding to error file-not-found
* Write them to /opt/KUTR00101/bar
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution:
kubectl logs bar | grep 'unable-to-access-website' > /opt/KUTR00101/bar cat /opt/KUTR00101/bar
NEW QUESTION # 46
You have a Deployment named 'frontend-deployment' with 5 replicas of a frontend container. You need to implement a rolling update strategy that allows for a maximum of 2 pods to be unavailable at any given time. You also want to ensure that the update process is completed within a specified timeout of 8 minutes. If the update fails to complete within the timeout, the deployment should revert to the previous version. Additionally, you want to configure a 'post-start' hook for the frontend container that executes a health check script to verify the application's readiness before it starts accepting traffic.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Update the Deployment YAML:
- Update the 'replicas' to 5.
- Define 'maxUnavailable: 2' and 'maxSurge: 0' in the 'strategy.rollingUpdate' section to control the rolling update process.
- Configure a 'strategy.type' to 'RollingUpdate' to trigger a rolling update when the deployment is updated.
- Set Always' to ensure that the new image is pulled even if
it exists in the pod's local cache.
- Add a 'spec.progressDeadlineSeconds: 480' to set a timeout of 8 minutes for the update process.
- Add a 'spec.template.spec.containers[0].lifecycle.postStart' hook to define a script that executes a health check script before the container starts accepting traffic.
2. Create the Deployment: - Apply the updated YAML file using 'kubectl apply -f frontend-deployment.yaml' 3. Verify the Deployment: - Check the status of the deployment using 'kubectl get deployments frontend-deployment' to confirm the rollout and updated replica count. 4. Trigger the Automatic Update: - Push a new image to the 'my.org/frontend:latest' Docker Hub repository. 5. Monitor the Deployment: - Use 'kubectl get pods -l app=frontend' to monitor the pod updates during the rolling update process. 6. Observe Rollback if Timeout Exceeds: - If the update process takes longer than 8 minutes to complete, the deployment will be rolled back to the previous version. This can be observed using 'kubectl describe deployment frontend-deployment' and checking the 'updatedReplicas' and 'availableReplicas' fields.,
NEW QUESTION # 47
have a Kubernetes cluster with limited resources. You have two Deployments: 'app-a' and 'app-b'. Both Deployments require the same resource limits (CPU and memory) but have different resource requests. 'app-a' requests 500m CPU and 512Mi memory, while 'app-b' requests 1000m CPU and IGi memory. When you create a new Pod for 'app-a', it gets scheduled successfully, but when you try to create a new Pod for 'app-b' , it fails to schedule. Explain why the Pod for 'app-b' fails to schedule, and suggest a solution to resolve the issue.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Understanding the issue: The Pod for 'app-b' fails to schedule because it requests more resources (1000m CPU and IGi memory) than are currently available in the cluster. The scheduler prioritizes Pods that can fit within the available resources, and since 'app-b' exceeds the available resources, it cannot be scheduled.
2. Solution: You can solve this issue by either:
a) Increase Cluster Resources: The most straightforward solution is to increase the resources available in your Kubernetes cluster. This could involve adding more nodes with more CPU and memory or upgrading existing nodes with more powerful hardware.
b) Adjust Resource Requests for 'app-b': If increasing cluster resources is not an option, you can try to adjust the resource requests for 'app-b' to match the available resources. You could reduce the CPU request from 1000m to 500m and the memory request from IGi to 512Mi. This would allow 'app-b' to fit within the available resources and be scheduled. However, reducing resource requests could potentially impact the performance of app-b', so it's important to monitor its performance after the adjustment.
3. Implementation (Example Code):
- Option a (Increase Cluster Resources):
- This involves managing your Kubernetes infrastructure.
- Depending on your Kubernetes setup, you may need to use commands like 'kubectl scale' or 'kubectl apply -f deployment.yamr to manage the deployment of your application.
- For detailed instructions on how to manage your cluster, consult your cluster provider's documentation or the Kubernetes documentation.
- Option b (Adjust Resource Requests):
4. Verification: After implementing either option, you can verify the scheduling by creating a new Pod for 'app- b'. If the Pod is scheduled successfully, the solution has been implemented successfully.
NEW QUESTION # 48
You have a Deployment with 5 replicas. You want to increase the number of replicas to 10, but only after ensuring that the new pods are healthy and ready to serve traffic.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Update the Deployment YAML:
- Update the 'replicas' field in the Deployment YAML to 10.
2. Apply the Changes: - Apply the updated YAML file using 'kubectl apply -f my-deployment.yaml' 3. Monitor Pod Status: - Use 'kubectl get pods -l app=my-app' to monitor the status of the pods. - Ensure that the new pods are in the "Running' state and have a 'Ready' status. 4. Check Liveness and Readiness Probes: - If applicable, ensure that liveness and readiness probes are configured to check the health of the pods. - This helps in identifying and restarting unhealthy pods. 5. Verify Service Availability: - Use 'kubectl get services my-service" to check the service status. - Ensure that the service is still available and serving traffic. 6. Increase Replicas: - Once the new pods are healthy and ready, the deployment will automatically scale up to 10 replicas.
NEW QUESTION # 49
......
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