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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: ISA/IEC 62443 Framework Overview | - Key terminology and concepts (zones, conduits, security levels) - Structure and purpose of IEC 62443 standards |
| Topic 2: Risk and Security Management | - Risk assessment principles - Security lifecycle management in industrial systems |
| Topic 3: Introduction to Industrial Cybersecurity | - Fundamentals of cybersecurity in industrial environments - Overview of IT vs OT security concepts |
| Topic 4: Industrial Network and System Security | - Asset identification and protection - Network segmentation and architecture security |
| Topic 5: Policies, Procedures, and Governance | - Compliance and governance considerations - Security policies for industrial control systems |
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質問 # 183
Which factor drives the selection of countermeasures?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
正解：D
解説：
The selection of countermeasures is driven by the output from a risk assessment, which identifies the risks and their associated likelihood and consequences for each zone and conduit in the industrial automation and control system (IACS). The risk assessment also determines the target security level (SL-T) for each zone and conduit, which represents the desired level of protection against the identified threats. The countermeasures are then selected based on the SL-T and the existing security level (SL-A) of the zone and conduit, as well as the cost and feasibility of implementation. The countermeasures should aim to reduce the risk to an acceptable level by increasing the SL-A to meet or exceed the SL-T. References: ISA/IEC 62443-3-2:2018 - Security risk assessment for system design, ISA/IEC 62443-3-3:2013 - System security requirements and security levels, ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Fundamentals Specialist Training Course
質問 # 184
How many element qroups are in the "Addressinq Risk" CSMS cateqorv?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
正解：B
解説：
The "Addressing Risk" CSMS category consists of three element groups: Security Policy, Organization and Awareness; Selected Security Countermeasures; and Implementation of Security Program1. These element groups cover the aspects of defining the security objectives, roles and responsibilities, policies and procedures, awareness and training, security countermeasures selection and implementation, and security program execution and maintenance1. The "Addressing Risk" CSMS category aims to reduce the security risk to an acceptable level by applying appropriate security measures to the system under consideration (SuC)
1. References: 1: ISA/IEC 62443-2-1: Security for industrial automation and control systems: Establishing an industrial automation and control systems security program
質問 # 185
What is one of the primary causes of cyber-related production losses in process control systems?
正解：C
解説：
Malware incidents are cited in ISA/IEC 62443 documentation and industry case studies as one of the primary causes of cyber-related production losses in process control environments. Such incidents can result in equipment shutdowns, process interruptions, and loss of visibility or control, leading directly to financial and operational impacts. While human error and hardware failure are also causes of downtime, in the context of
"cyber-related" incidents, malware is the main contributor.
Reference: ISA/IEC 62443-3-3:2013, Section 4.2.3; ISA/IEC 62443-2-1:2009, Section 4.3.4; Industry case studies (e.g., "Stuxnet", "WannaCry" events).
質問 # 186
What is one reason why IACS systems are highly vulnerable to attack?
正解：A
解説：
Many Industrial Automation and Control Systems (IACS) are vulnerable because they run legacy software and are rarely patched, due to operational constraints like uptime requirements and fear of system disruption.
"IACS systems are often vulnerable due to the presence of legacy components, limited patching, and prolonged system lifespans without updates."
- ISA/IEC 62443-2-1:2010, Clause 4.4.3 - Patch Management
They are not always isolated (due to remote access, IIoT, etc.), and do not regularly implement the latest updates like IT systems.
References:
ISA/IEC 62443-2-1:2010 - Patch Management
ISA/IEC 62443-2-3:2015 - Patch Assessment and Deployment Challenges
質問 # 187
What does the System under Consideration (SuC) include in the context of ISA/IEC 62443 risk assessment?
正解：A
解説：
In ISA/IEC 62443 terminology, the System under Consideration (SuC) refers to a defined collection of interconnected IACS components, including associated hardware, software, and network elements that are within the scope of a cybersecurity risk assessment.
"The SuC is the set of assets (including IACS components) that are within the scope of the security risk assessment. This includes all devices, communication links, applications, and processes that may impact or be impacted by the security posture of the system."
- ISA/IEC 62443-3-2:2020, Clause 4.3.1 - Definition of SuC
It is not limited to business zone assets or just physical plant assets - it may include logical elements, software, communications infrastructure, and more.
References:
ISA/IEC 62443-3-2:2020 - Clause 4.3.1
ISA/IEC 62443-1-1:2007 - Glossary: "System under Consideration (SuC)"
質問 # 188
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