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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Financial Statement Analysis | - Horizontal and vertical analysis - Interpreting financial data for decision-making purposes - Ratio analysis (liquidity, profitability, solvency, efficiency ratios) |
| Topic 2: Decision Making and Performance Evaluation | - Make-or-buy and special order decisions - Balanced Scorecard concepts - Capital budgeting techniques (NPV, IRR, Payback Period) - Responsibility accounting and performance metrics - Relevant costs for decision making |
| Topic 3: Managerial Accounting Concepts | - Job order and process costing - Cost classification and behavior (fixed, variable, mixed costs) - Contribution margin and break-even analysis - Cost-Volume-Profit (CVP) analysis |
| Topic 4: Financial Accounting Fundamentals | - Recording transactions and adjusting entries - Understanding the accounting cycle - Preparing financial statements (Income Statement, Balance Sheet, Statement of Cash Flows) - Accrual vs. cash basis accounting |
| Topic 5: Budgeting and Planning | - Master budget components - Variance analysis - Financial budgets (cash budget, budgeted income statement, budgeted balance sheet) - Operating budgets (sales, production, direct materials, direct labor, overhead) |
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29. Frage
What are two examples of product costs?
Choose 2 answers.
Antwort: A,D
Begründung:
The correct answers are B. Direct labor and D. Raw materials . Product costs are the costs incurred to manufacture or acquire a product that will be sold. In a manufacturing setting, product costs normally include direct materials (raw materials) , direct labor , and manufacturing overhead . Corporate Finance Institute summarizes product costs as including direct material, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead.
Option A. Selling and administrative expenses is incorrect because those are period costs , not product costs. Option C. Period expenses is also incorrect for the same reason. Period costs are expensed in the period incurred and are not attached to inventory production. Lumen Learning similarly distinguishes product costs from period costs by explaining that product costs include direct materials, direct labor, and overhead, while selling and administrative expenses are period costs.
Because the question asks for two examples of costs directly associated with making a product, the best answers are Direct labor and Raw materials . These are core manufacturing inputs and become part of inventory until the goods are sold.
30. Frage
Which internal control is intended to ensure that a company does not mistakenly pay a supplier for an invoice that includes more items than were actually received?
Antwort: C
Begründung:
The correct answer is D . The control designed to prevent payment for goods not actually received is the receiving function's preparation of a receiving report , which is then sent to accounts payable and matched against the supplier invoice and purchase order. This is the essence of a three-way match : purchase order, receiving report, and vendor invoice. AccountingTools explains that payables staff should match the supplier invoice to the related purchase order and proof of receipt before authorizing payment.
Option A is helpful for controlling check completeness and sequence, but it does not verify quantities received. Option B adds authorization control over disbursements, but it also does not confirm whether the shipment matched the invoice. Option C helps ensure purchases are approved before ordering, but it still does not prove what was actually delivered. The receiving department's counting and inspection of goods, followed by forwarding the receiving documentation to accounts payable, directly addresses the risk that a supplier invoice includes more items than were received. Therefore, the best internal control is Option D .
31. Frage
Who does Sarbanes-Oxley apply to?
Antwort: B
Begründung:
The correct answer is D. Publicly traded companies in the United States . Sarbanes-Oxley was enacted to strengthen corporate accountability, internal controls, and audit oversight for companies that access the public securities markets. Standard summaries of SOX explain that it applies to publicly traded companies doing business in the United States, along with the audit firms that audit those public companies.
Option B is incorrect because SOX does not generally apply in full to private, nonpublic companies in the same way it applies to public issuers. Option C is also incorrect for the same reason. Option A may describe a narrower scenario that can involve public-company reporting structures, but for an exam question asking broadly "Who does Sarbanes-Oxley apply to?", the clearest and best answer is publicly traded companies in the United States . SOX is fundamentally a public-company law designed to protect investors by improving the reliability of corporate disclosures and the independence of external audits. Therefore, among the listed choices, Option D is the most accurate and standard answer.
32. Frage
A company plans to purchase inventory for the second half of a year as follows:
July = $100,000
August = $75,000
September = $225,000
October = $125,000
November = $250,000
December = $30,000
The company usually pays 50% of inventory purchases in the month of purchase, 35% in the following month, and 15% in the second month.
What are the forecasted October cash payments based on this information?
Antwort: C
Begründung:
The correct answer is D. $152,500 . To find October cash payments , include the portions of purchases paid in October from three different months:
* 15% of August purchases
* 35% of September purchases
* 50% of October purchases
Now calculate each amount:
15% of August ($75,000) = $11,250
35% of September ($225,000) = $78,750
50% of October ($125,000) = $62,500
Now add them:
$11,250 + $78,750 + $62,500 = $152,500
This is the total forecasted cash payment for October under the company's payment pattern. Budgeted cash disbursement questions often require tracking the timing of payments across multiple months, not just the current month's purchases.
Option B includes only 50% of October purchases. Option C includes only 35% of September purchases.
Option A includes only part of the earlier-month carryover. Since October cash payments must include all three applicable portions, the correct total is $152,500 , making Option D the right answer.
33. Frage
Which ratio provides a measure of how well a company turns sales into profits?
Antwort: B
Begründung:
The correct answer is A. Return on sales . Return on sales, also called profit margin or net profit margin , measures how effectively a company converts sales revenue into net income. It is commonly calculated as Net income ÷ Sales . OpenStax explains that this ratio shows how much of each sales dollar remains as profit after all expenses, including taxes, have been deducted. A higher ratio generally indicates stronger profitability and better cost control relative to revenue.
Option B, return on costs , is not the standard ratio named in basic financial analysis for this purpose. Option C, return on expenses , is also not the conventional measure used in the ratio formulas you listed. Option D, return on profit , is not a recognized standard profitability ratio in introductory accounting frameworks.
Since the question asks specifically about how well a company turns sales into profits , the ratio that directly measures that relationship is return on sales . This ratio is widely used in financial statement analysis to compare operating performance across periods and across firms, especially within the same industry.
34. Frage
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