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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: System Hardening | 10% | - Kernel hardening (AppArmor, seccomp) - Minimize OS attack surface - Network access control - Least privilege IAM |
| Topic 2: Cluster Setup | 15% | - CIS benchmark compliance - Binary verification - Secure Ingress configuration - Network security policies - Node metadata protection |
| Topic 3: Supply Chain Security | 20% | - Static analysis tools - SBOM & CI/CD security - Image security & scanning - Permitted registries - Signed artifacts & verification |
| Topic 4: Monitoring, Logging and Runtime Security | 20% | - Audit log configuration - Threat detection (Falco) - Incident investigation - Behavioral analytics - Container immutability |
| Topic 5: Cluster Hardening | 15% | - RBAC configuration - API access restriction - Service account security - Component updates & vulnerability mitigation |
| Topic 6: Minimize Microservice Vulnerabilities | 20% | - Pod Security Standards - Secret management - OPA/Gatekeeper implementation - Isolation & multi-tenancy - Security contexts |
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NEW QUESTION # 49
You are running a Kubernetes cluster with a deployment named "my-app" that uses a container image from a private registry- You suspect that a recent deployment update may have introduced a vulnerability in one of the containers. Explain how you would use pod security policies and runtime security tools like Falco to investigate and mitigate this potential security risk.
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Enable Pod Security Policies (PSPs):
- Create a PSP that restricts the container's capabilities, resource usage, and network access. For example, limit the container's resource requests and limits, restrict access to sensitive host resources, and disallow the creation of privileged containers.
- Apply the PSP to your deployment using the 'podSecurityPolicy' field in the deployment's spec:
2. Implement Runtime Security with Falco: - Deploy Falco on your Kubernetes cluster using a Daemon set Falco uses rules to detect suspicious activity within containers. - Configure Falco rules to alert on events like: - Container privilege escalation attempts: Monitor for attempts to run containers with elevated privileges. - Suspicious network connections: Detect unexpected network connections originating from within containers- - File system modifications: Identify unauthorized modifications to files within container images. - Define a Falco rule that detects attempts to access sensitive files:
3. Investigate the Vulnerability: - Review the Falco alerts to identify specific suspicious activities related to the deployment update. - Analyze the logs and metrics of the affected container to gather further evidence of the vulnerability. - Inspect the container image for any unauthorized changes or vulnerabilities. 4. Mitigate the Vulnerability: - If a vulnerability is identified, update the container image with a fix- - Redeploy the deployment with the updated container image. - Strengthen the PSP to prevent similar vulnerabilities from arising in the future. - Review and refine the Falco rules based on the findings of the investigation to improve the overall security posture.
NEW QUESTION # 50
SIMULATION
Task
Create a NetworkPolicy named pod-access to restrict access to Pod users-service running in namespace dev-team.
Only allow the following Pods to connect to Pod users-service:
Answer:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION # 51
SIMULATION
You must complete this task on the following cluster/nodes: Cluster: immutable-cluster Master node: master1 Worker node: worker1 You can switch the cluster/configuration context using the following command:
[desk@cli] $ kubectl config use-context immutable-cluster
Context: It is best practice to design containers to be stateless and immutable.
Task:
Inspect Pods running in namespace prod and delete any Pod that is either not stateless or not immutable.
Use the following strict interpretation of stateless and immutable:
1. Pods being able to store data inside containers must be treated as not stateless.
Note: You don't have to worry whether data is actually stored inside containers or not already.
2. Pods being configured to be privileged in any way must be treated as potentially not stateless or not immutable.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Explanation belowExplanation:
Reference:
https://cloud.google.com/architecture/best-practices-for-operating-containers
NEW QUESTION # 52
SIMULATION
Task
Analyze and edit the given Dockerfile /home/candidate/KSSC00301/Docker file (based on the ubuntu:16.04 image), fixing two instructions present in the file that are prominent security/best-practice issues.
Analyze and edit the given manifest file /home/candidate/KSSC00301/deployment.yaml, fixing two fields present in the file that are prominent security/best-practice issues.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Explanation below
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION # 53
You have a Dockefflle that defines a container image for a web application. You need to use KubeLinter to analyze the Dockerfile for security best practices and Kubernetes compatibility issues. Implement a solution that integrates KubeLinter into your CI/CD pipeline to automatically scan the DockerTile whenever it is modified.
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step):
1. Install KubeLinter: Download and install the 'kubevar binary from the Official GitHub repository.
2. Create a KubeLinter configuration file: Define a .kubeval.yaml' file in the root directory of your project to specify any custom rules or checks. For example, you can disable specific checks or define your own checks.
3. Integrate KubeLinter into your CI/CD pipeline: Add a step to your pipeline that runs KubeLinter against your Dockerfile. This step should be executed whenever the Docket-file is modified.
4. Configure KubeLinterto fail the pipeline if any issues are found: This will ensure that any security or compatibility issues are addressed before the image is deployed to your Kubernetes cluster.
5. Review and address any issues reported by KubeLinter. Analyze the output of KubeLinter and make the necessary changes to your Dockerflle to address any identified issues.
NEW QUESTION # 54
......
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