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ECCouncil 312-50v13 Exam Syllabus Topics:

SectionObjectives
Cloud and IoT Security- IoT security fundamentals
- Cloud computing security concepts
Web and Application Security- Web application hacking techniques
Reconnaissance Techniques- Scanning networks and enumeration
- Footprinting and information gathering
Network Attacks- Sniffing and session hijacking
- Denial of Service (DoS/DDoS)
Wireless and Mobile Security- Wireless network attacks
- Mobile platform vulnerabilities
System Hacking- Gaining access and privilege escalation
- Malware threats and system exploitation
Introduction to Ethical Hacking- Ethical hacking concepts and methodology
Cryptography- Encryption, hashing, and cryptanalysis

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ECCouncil Certified Ethical Hacker Exam (CEH v13 AI) Sample Questions (Q539-Q544):

NEW QUESTION # 539
You are conducting a security audit at a government agency. During your walkthrough, you observe a temporary contractor sitting in the staff lounge using their smartphone to discretely record employees as they enter passwords into their systems. Upon further investigation, you find discarded documents in a nearby trash bin containing sensitive project information. What type of attack is most likely being performed?

Answer: C

Explanation:
The behavior described most closely matches an insider attack, because the actor is a temporary contractor who has physical proximity and implicit access to internal areas where employees work and handle sensitive information. In CEH guidance, an "insider" is not limited to permanent employees; it includes contractors, vendors, interns, and any trusted or semi-trusted individuals who can enter facilities or access internal environments. The attack combines two common insider-facilitated techniques: shoulder surfing and dumpster diving. Recording employees entering passwords is a form of shoulder surfing, where credentials are harvested by observing or capturing authentication entry through direct viewing or recording devices.
Finding sensitive documents in a trash bin indicates dumpster diving, where attackers recover confidential information from improperly disposed materials.
These actions are typically feasible because the attacker is already inside the perimeter and can exploit weak operational security practices, such as lack of clean-desk enforcement, inadequate shredding policies, and insufficient physical monitoring of visitor or contractor activity. CEH materials emphasize that insider threats are particularly dangerous because they bypass many external perimeter controls and can blend into normal workplace behavior.
The other options do not fit. A distribution attack generally refers to compromise introduced through supply chain or third-party distribution channels, not on-site observation and trash retrieval. A passive attack is too generic and does not capture the key element of an authorized or trusted presence enabling the compromise.
"Cisco-in attack" is not a standard CEH attack category for this scenario. Therefore, the most accurate classification is an insider attack.


NEW QUESTION # 540
Robin, an attacker, is attempting to bypass the firewalls of an organization through the DNS tunneling method in order to exfiltrate data. He is using the NSTX tool for bypassing the firewalls. On which of the following ports should Robin run the NSTX tool?

Answer: A

Explanation:
DNS uses Ports 53 which is almost always open on systems, firewalls, and clients to transmit DNS queries.
instead of the more familiar Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) these queries use User Datagram Protocol (UDP) due to its low-latency, bandwidth and resource usage compared TCP-equivalent queries. UDP has no error or flow-control capabilities, nor does it have any integrity checking to make sure the info arrived intact.
How is internet use (browsing, apps, chat etc) so reliable then? If the UDP DNS query fails (it's a best-effort protocol after all) within the first instance, most systems will retry variety of times and only after multiple failures, potentially switch to TCP before trying again; TCP is additionally used if the DNS query exceeds the restrictions of the UDP datagram size - typically 512 bytes for DNS but can depend upon system settings.
Figure 1 below illustrates the essential process of how DNS operates: the client sends a question string (for example, mail.google[.]com during this case) with a particular type - typically A for a number address. I've skipped the part whereby intermediate DNS systems may need to establish where '.com' exists, before checking out where 'google[.]com' are often found, and so on.

Many worms and scanners are created to seek out and exploit systems running telnet. Given these facts, it's really no surprise that telnet is usually seen on the highest Ten Target Ports list. Several of the vulnerabilities of telnet are fixed. They require only an upgrade to the foremost current version of the telnet Daemon or OS upgrade. As is usually the case, this upgrade has not been performed on variety of devices. this might flow from to the very fact that a lot of systems administrators and users don't fully understand the risks involved using telnet. Unfortunately, the sole solution for a few of telnets vulnerabilities is to completely discontinue its use. the well-liked method of mitigating all of telnets vulnerabilities is replacing it with alternate protocols like ssh. Ssh is capable of providing many of an equivalent functions as telnet and a number of other additional services typical handled by other protocols like FTP and Xwindows. Ssh does still have several drawbacks to beat before it can completely replace telnet. it's typically only supported on newer equipment. It requires processor and memory resources to perform the info encryption and decryption. It also requires greater bandwidth than telnet thanks to the encryption of the info . This paper was written to assist clarify how dangerous the utilization of telnet are often and to supply solutions to alleviate the main known threats so as to enhance the general security of the web Once a reputation is resolved to an IP caching also helps: the resolved name-to-IP is usually cached on the local system (and possibly on intermediate DNS servers) for a period of your time . Subsequent queries for an equivalent name from an equivalent client then don't leave the local system until said cache expires. Of course, once the IP address of the remote service is understood , applications can use that information to enable other TCP-based protocols, like HTTP, to try to to their actual work, for instance ensuring internet cat GIFs are often reliably shared together with your colleagues.
So, beat all, a couple of dozen extra UDP DNS queries from an organization's network would be fairly inconspicuous and will leave a malicious payload to beacon bent an adversary; commands could even be received to the requesting application for processing with little difficulty.


NEW QUESTION # 541
The security team of Debry Inc. decided to upgrade Wi-Fi security to thwart attacks such as dictionary attacks and key recovery attacks. For this purpose, the security team started implementing cutting-edge technology that uses a modern key establishment protocol called the simultaneous authentication of equals (SAE), also known as dragonfly key exchange, which replaces the PSK concept.
What is the Wi-Fi encryption technology implemented by Debry Inc.?

Answer: B

Explanation:
In CEH v13 Module 11: Hacking Wireless Networks, WPA3 is presented as the latest Wi-Fi security protocol, and it includes:
Simultaneous Authentication of Equals (SAE) protocol - a more secure key exchange mechanism.
Replaces WPA2's Pre-Shared Key (PSK) method to prevent dictionary and key recovery attacks.
SAE (a.k.a. Dragonfly) prevents attackers from capturing handshakes for offline cracking.
Option Clarification:
A). WEP: Obsolete and weak.
B). WPA: Early improvement over WEP, still vulnerable.
C). WPA2: Uses PSK and vulnerable to key reinstallation attacks (KRACK).
D). WPA3: Correct - uses SAE/Dragonfly, resistant to known attacks.
Reference:
Module 11 - Wi-Fi Security Protocols: WPA3 and SAE
CEH iLabs: WPA3 Setup and Dictionary Attack Prevention


NEW QUESTION # 542
When you are getting information about a web server, it is very important to know the HTTP Methods (GET, POST, HEAD, PUT, DELETE, TRACE) that are available because there are two critical methods (PUT and DELETE). PUT can upload a file to the server and DELETE can delete a file from the server. You can detect all these methods (GET, POST, HEAD, DELETE, PUT, TRACE) using NMAP script engine. What Nmap script will help you with this task?

Answer: B

Explanation:
Nmap provides a scripting engine (NSE) that includes a script named http-methods. This script sends OPTIONS requests to the web server to determine which HTTP methods are supported. Identifying risky methods like PUT and DELETE helps detect misconfigured or vulnerable web servers.
Example command:
nmap --script http-methods -p 80 <target>
Reference - CEH v13 Official Study Guide:
Module 11: Hacking Web Applications
Quote:
"The Nmap script http-methods helps identify enabled HTTP methods including potentially dangerous ones like PUT and DELETE." Incorrect Options Explained:
B: http-enum is used to enumerate directories and applications, not methods.
C: http-headers retrieves HTTP headers.
D: http-git checks for Git repositories on web servers.


NEW QUESTION # 543
During a penetration testing engagement at a logistics company in Dallas, Texas, ethical hacker Mia Patel analyzes suspicious binaries collected from infected endpoints to assess the threat ' s evasion mechanisms.
Although each sample executes malicious routines such as keylogging and data exfiltration, reverse engineering reveals repeating functional behavior across the samples. Instruction sequences appear rearranged, equivalent expressions are rewritten, and redundant instructions have been inserted while preserving the original malicious functionality.
Further analysis indicates that each time the malware infects a new executable file, its internal code structure is reconstructed into a different variant, preventing reliable signature creation by antivirus tools.
Which virus type best explains the behavior observed in this scenario?

Answer: C

Explanation:
Metamorphic Virus is correct because the malware reconstructs its own internal code while preserving the same malicious behavior. Metamorphic malware can reorder code blocks, substitute equivalent instructions, rename registers, and insert irrelevant instructions so each generation has a different structural signature. This distinguishes it from a polymorphic virus, which typically changes an encrypted representation or decryptor while retaining a fundamentally stable underlying body. Research on metamorphic malware specifically describes subroutine permutation, equivalent-instruction substitution, and dead-code insertion as transformations that produce logically equivalent but structurally different variants, frustrating signature- based detection. A logic bomb activates when a condition is met, while a sparse infector limits how frequently it infects targets. CEH v13 Module 7 covers viruses, malware-analysis procedures, evasion behavior, and countermeasures, aligning directly with the reconstruction behavior described.


NEW QUESTION # 544
......

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